SEMINAR: 2011 hurricane-related anniversaries

["Neal.Dorst" <Neal.M.Dorst@noaa.gov>]

	I have recently begun making up an annual list of hurricane and hurricane research-related anniversaries that
occur in the upcoming year.  I want to thank Dr. Sim Aberson, Jack Parrish, Bob Black, and Paul Flaherty for additions
to my first draft.  This is not a complete list and I'm sure many of you have suggestions or corrections and I would be 
happy to see them. I'm a bit late this year, but most of these events occurred during hurricane season, so there is still 
time to note them.
	Some of you may be receiving a duplicate of this list and I apologize for filling up your mailbox with this.
		Neal M. Dorst

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\f0\fs24 \cf0 2011 Hurricane anniversaries\
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\i\b \cf0 5th Anniversary (2006)\
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\b0 \cf0 	
\i0 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) experiment examines the wind regimes over western Africa and their role in generating disturbances over the Atlantic.  The NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) experiment similarly seeks to investigate these disturbances off the African coast using aircraft and the CALIPSO satellite. 
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\b0 \cf0 	Richard Anthes, Robert Corell, Greg Holland, James Hurrell, Michael MacCracken, Kevin Trenberth publish "Hurricanes and Global Warming - Potential Linkages and Consequences"\cell \lastrow\row
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10th Anniversary (2001)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Tropical Storm Allison stalls over Texas and Louisiana dumping as much as 40 inches of rain in some areas.  The storm was responsible for 41 deaths and over $5 billion in damage, and became the only tropical storm to have its name retired without officially reaching hurricane strength.\
	Hurricane Iris slams into Belize.  A month later, Hurricane Michelle brings floods to Central America and Cuba.\
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\cf0 	CAMEX4, a NASA experiment run in conjunction with NOAA's Hurricane Field Program collects detailed data sets on Hurricanes Erin, Gabrielle, and Humberto and Tropical Storm Chantal.\
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\cf0 	Stan Goldenberg, Chris Landsea, Alberto Mestas-Nu\'f1ez and Gray publish a major paper in \ul Science\ulnone  noting decadal swings in Atlantic hurricane activity.\
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\cf0 	Tropical Storm Vamei forms within 85 mi of the equator, the most equator-ward tropical cyclone on record\
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\i\b \cf0 15th Anniversary (1996)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricanes Bertha and Fran impact the Carolinas bringing ~$3.5 billion in total damages.\
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\cf0 	Mark Powell, Tim Reinhold, and Sam Houston publish detailed analyses of Hurricane Andrew.\
	Bob Burpee, Sim Aberson, Steve Lord, Bob Tuleya, and James Franklin publish their assessment of the impact of using ODW dropsondes to improve hurricane track forecasts.\
\
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\i\b \cf0 20th Anniversary (1991)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane Bob threatens New York City and ends up striking New England and Canada.\
	"The Perfect Storm" forms from the remnants of Hurricane Grace and sinks the
\i  Andrea Gail 
\i0 off the Georges Banks.\
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\cf0 	TEXMex is an MIT/NOAA joint project carried out in the eastern Pacific to examine the genesis of tropical cyclones.\
	The Air Force transfers its Hurricane Hunters (53rd WRS) to the Air Force Reserves.\
	A Bay of Bengal Cyclone kills 138,000 in Bangladesh.\
	Tropical Storm Thelma kills at least 6000 people in the Philippines, becoming on the the deadliest tropical cyclones to strike the Philippines.\
	Mark Powell, Peter Dodge, Sam Houston, and Mike Black publish detailed analyses of surface wind field of Hurricane Hugo.\
\
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\i\b \cf0 30th Anniversary (1981)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	NOAA 42 flies along a rainband above the freezing level in Hurricane Irene on September 26th, collecting unprecedented microphysics data.\'a0 However, due to damage caused by ice and grauple, similar future fights are proscribed, make this a unique data set.\

\i\b 	
\i0\b0 Tropical Storm Lydia strikes Mexico killing at least 73 due to flooding and burst dams. \'a0It is the tenth most deadly East Pacific storm.\
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\i\b \cf0 \
35th Anniversary (1976)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane "Bicentennial" Belle threatens New York City and ends up striking Long Island and New England.\
	N42RF, NOAA's new P-3D research aircraft, makes its inaugural hurricane flight into East Pacific hurricane Bonny.\
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40th Anniversary (1971)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane Edith strikes Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Mexico, and Louisiana. Prior to its first landfall, Edith gives NOAA aircraft a turbulent shaking with the loss of 1000 feet of altitude in less than a minute.\
	Hurricane Ginger is one of the longest lasting Atlantic hurricanes on record as it wandered back and forth across the ocean basin.  It also becomes the last hurricane seeded by Project STORMFURY.\
	Navy Typhoon Trackers (VW-1) disestablished.\
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\i0\b0 Richard Anthes creates the first 3D hurricane simulation.\
	Typhoon Irma set a record for rapid intensification and reached 885 mb.\
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\cf0 	Orissa cyclone kills 10,800 near Kolkata, India.\
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45th Anniversary (1966)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane Alma dumps torrential rains on Central America, Cuba, Florida, and North Carolina.  \
	Hurricane Faith has one of the longest tracks recorded for an Atlantic hurricane, yet never makes landfall.\
	Hurricane Inez ravages the Caribbean and Mexico.  Research flights into Inez produce famous Hawkins and Imbembo paper "The Structure of a Small, Intense Hurricane."\
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50th Anniversary (1961)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	The Research Flight Facility (RFF) is formed to manage and operate the Dept. of Commerce's Weather Bureau research aircraft.  This is the predecessor of NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center.\
	Hurricanes Carla ravages the Texas coast and launches Dan Rather's career. It's the first tropical cyclone to have its entire life cycle examined by RFF research aircraft.  \
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{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/video/NOAA_16mm/QC9452C37H881961.mov"}}{\fldrslt 
\i\b \cf0 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/video/NOAA_16mm/QC9452C37H881961.mov}}
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane Hattie kills over 300 people in Central America.  Belize City is so badly damaged that British Honduras moves its capital to Belmopan.\
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\i\b \cf0 	
\i0\b0 Navy and RFF planes seed Hurricane Esther.  The next year Project STORMFURY is established based on this experiment.\
	Hurricane Tara hits Mexican Pacific coast killing about 500 people. \'a0It is the fourth deadliest East Pacific storm.\
\

\i\b \
55th Anniversary (1956)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	National Hurricane Research Project begins hurricane research flights out of Morrison Field (Palm Beach International Airport.)\
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\cf0 	Riehl and William Haggard develop the first statistical hurricane track forecast techniques.\
	Julian Adem describes the "beta effect" on the motion of hurricanes.\
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\i\b \cf0 \
60th Anniversary (1951)\
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\cf0 	
\i0\b0 Bob Simpson flies research mission aboard Air Force aircraft into Typhoon Marge, measuring its warm core and record low pressure eye.\

\i\b \
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\cf0 70th Anniversary (1941)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Severe hurricane ploughs through the Bahamas to strike Miami and continues up Gulf of Mexico to strike Tallahassee region.\
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85th Anniversary (1926)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Great Miami hurricane pummels Miami and ends last of the 1920s Florida land boom and kills over 300 people.  A month later another severe hurricane hits Cuba causing over 650 deaths.\
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\i\b \cf0 90th Anniversary (1921)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Sakuhei Fujiwara publishes paper on the interaction of two tropical cyclones noting what becomes known as the "Fujiwara Effect" where the two cyclones rotate about each other.\
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\i\b \cf0 \
125th Anniversary (1886)\
	
\i0\b0 Hurricane strikes Indianola, TX, with a pressure of 925 mb, fifth strongest landfall in the US.\

\i\b \
135th Anniversary (1876)\
	
\i0\b0 Tropical cyclone strikes what is now Bangladesh, killing about 200,000 people.
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\i0\b0 \cf0 \
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\i\b \cf0 180th Anniversary (1831)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	William Redfield publishes his observation of 1821 hurricane damage and theorizes storms are large, moving vortices. He begins compiling hurricane tracks.\
	A major hurricane strikes Barbados. Lt. Col William Reid of the Royal Engineers is sent to survey the damage.  This begins his study of hurricanes which leads to his writing the "Law of Storms."\
\
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\i\b \cf0 235th Anniversary (1776)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	Hurricane strikes Guadeloupe in Lesser Antilles, killing more than 6000 people.\
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\i\b \cf0 730th Anniversary (1281)\
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\i0\b0 \cf0 	A typhoon destroys a Mongol fleet on its way to invade Japan.  The "divine wind" (
\i kami kaze)
\i0  saves Japan from conquest.
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