NIOSH Readings

· Important References for Occupation and NHIS

Important References

Anonymous. Documentation: NHIS Multiple Cause of Death Public Use Data File 1986-94 Survey Years. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998.

Botman SL, Jack SS. Combining national health interview survey datasets: issues and approaches. Stats in Med 1995;14:669-77.

Massey JT, Morre TF, Parson VL, Tadros W. Design and Estimation for the NHIS 1985-94. Washington DC: NCHS, Vital & Health Statist Series 2#110 DHHS Pub PHS89-1384, 1989.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Classified Index of Industries and Occupations, 1989. Washington DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1989.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Documentation for the NHIS Multiple Cause of Death Public Use Data File 1986-94 Survey Years; Dates of Death 1986-95. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, NCHS, 1998.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Documentations for the NHIS Surveys 1986-94. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, NCHS, 1989-1996.

Shaw BV. SESUDAAN (April 1981). Standard Errors Program for Computing Standardized Rates from Sample Survey Data. RTI/5250/00-01S. Research Triangle Park, NC. Research Triangle Institute (RTI). Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN). RTI, 1990.

Important Historic References

Kaminski Rose, Spirtas Robert. Industrial Characteristics of Persons Reporting Morbidity during the Health Interview Surveys Conducted in 1969-1974. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1980.

Drever F ed. The Registrar General's Decennial Supplement for England & Wales; Occupational Health: Decennial Supplement. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Health and Safety Executive, Series DS #10, 1995.

Gallagher RP, Threlfall WJ, Band PR, Spinelli JJ. Occupational Mortality in British Columbia 1950-1984. Vancouver, BC: Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, 1989.

Guralnick L. Mortality by industry and cause of death among men 20-64 years of Age: US, 1950. Vol 53(4). Washington DC: NCHS, 1963b.

Guralnick L. Mortality by occupation and causes of death among men 20-64 years of Age: US, 1950. Vol 53(3). Washington DC: NCHS, 1963a.

Guralnick L. Mortality by occupation and industry among men 20-64 years of Age: US, 1950. Vol 53(2). Washington DC: NCHS, 1962.

Milham S. Occupational Mortality in Washington State 1950-71. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, Dept of HEW #76-175-A, 1976.

Milham S. Occupational Mortality in Washington State 1950-79. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, Dept of HEW #83-116, 1983.

NIOSH. Fatal Injuries to Workers n the US, 1980-89. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH #93-108, 1993.

NIOSH. Mortality by Occupation, Industry and Cause of Death: 24 Reporting States (1984-88). Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH #1997-114, 1997.

Stout NA, Jenkins EL, Pizatella TJ. Occupational injury mortality rates in the US: Changes from 1980-89. Am J Public Health 1996;86:73-7.

Toscano G, Jack T. Occupational injury fatalities -- 1994. Statistical Bulletin – Metropolitan Insurance Company 1996;77:12-22.

Occupational NHIS Studies

Tanaka S, Wild DK, Seligman PJ, Halperin WE, Behrens V, Putz-Anderson V. Prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome among US workers: Analysis of the occupational health supplement data of 1988 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:451-70.

Zwerling C, Whitten PS. Davis CS, Sprince NL. Occupational injuries among workers with disabilities: the NHIS 1985-94. JAMA 1997;278:2163-6.

Zwerling C, Whitten PS. Davis CS, Sprince NL. Occupational injuries among older workers with visual, auditory, and other impairments. A validation study. J Occ Env Med 1998;40:720-3.

Zwerling C. Sprince NL, Wallace RB, Davis CS, Whitten PS, Geeringa SG. Risk Factors for Occupational Injuries among Older Workers: An Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study. Am J Pub Health 1996;86:1306-9.

Other Methodologic References

Delgado JL, Johnson CL, Roy I, Trevino FM: (1990). Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Methodological Considerations. Am J Public Health; 80(Suppl): 6 - 10.

Fowler FJ. Redesign of NHIS. Pub Health Rep 1996;111:509-11.

Jabine JB. Reporting Chronic Conditions with NHIS. Hyattsville MD: NCHS Series 2 #105, DHHS #PHS 87-1379, 1987.

Murphy PL, Sorock GS, Courtney TK, Webster BS, Leamon TB. Injury and illness in the American workplace: a comparison of data sources. Am J Ind Med 1996;30:130-141.

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). National Occupational Exposure Survey Analysis of Management Interview Responses. NIOSH PB 90-193-640, Feb 1990.

Reviere R, Schneider S, Woolbright K. Associations between disease and occupation: hypotheses generated from the National Mortality Followback Survey. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:195-205.

· Confounding, Bias and other variables

Bias

Alderson MR. Some sources of error in British occupational mortality data. Br J Ind Med 1972;29:245-254.

Fox AJ, Collier PF. Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in industry. Brit J Prev & Soc Med 1976;30:225-30.

Kircher T, Nelson J, Burdo H. The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate. NEJM 1985;313:1263-1269.

Landen DD, Hendricks S. Occupational Health Surveillance: Contributions from the NHIS I: Effect of recall on reporting of at-work injuries. Pub Health Rep 1995;110:3550-354.

Schade WJ, Swanson GM. Comparison of death certificate occupation and industry data with lifetime occupational histories obtained by interview: variations in the accuracy of death certificate entries. AM J Ind Med 1988;14:121-136.

Schumacher MC. Comparison of occupation and industry information from death certificates and interviews. AmJPH 1986;76(6): 635-637.

Sterling T, Weinkam J. The confounding of occupation and smoking and its consequences. Soc Sci Med 1990;30:457-67.

Swanson GM, Schwartz G, Burrows R. An assessment of occupation and industry data from death certificates and hospital medical records for population based cancer surveillance. AmJPH 1984;74:464-467.

Ethanol

Dawson DA. Heavy drinking and the risk of occupational injury. Accid Anal Prev 1994;26:655-65.

Smoking Tobacco

Brackbill Robert, Cameron Lorraine L, Behrens Virginia. Prevalence of chronic diseases and impairments among US farmers, 1986-90. Am J Epid 1994;139:1055-65

Brackbill Robert, Frazier, Todd, Shilling Sharon. Smoking Characteristics of US Workers, 978-1980. Am J Ind Med. 1988;13:5-41

Nelson DE, Emont SL, Brackbill RM, Cameron LL, Peddicord J, Fiore MC. Cigarette smoking prevalence by occupation in the US. JOEM 1994;36:516-25.

Sterling TD, Weinkam J. Comparison of smoking related factors among black and white males.Am J Ind Med 1989;15:319-33.

Longest Held Jobs

Burnett CA, Crouse WE. Agreement of latest and longest occupation and industry as reported in the 1980 NHIS. JOM 1989;31(4):339-346

Cooper SP, Buffler P, Lee ES, Cooper CJ. Health characteristics by longest held occupation and industry of employment: US 1980. Am J Ind Med 1993;24:25-39.

Socio-Economic Class

Berkman LF, MacIntyre S. The measurement of social class in health studies: old measures and new formulations. IARC Sci Pub 1997;138:51-64.

Boffetta P, Kogevinas M, Westerholm P, Saracci R. Exposure to occupational carcinogens and social class differences in cancer occurrence. IARC Scientific Publ 1997;138:331-41.

Bollini P, Siem H. No real progress towards equity: health of migrants and ethnic minorities on the eve of the year 2000. Soc Sci Med 1995;41:819-28.

Cantwell MF, McKenna MT, McCray E, Onorato IM. Tuberculosis and race/ethnicity in the US: impact of socioeconomic status. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1998;157:1016-20.

Higgins BG, Britton JR. Geographical and social class effects on asthma mortality in England and Wales. Resp Med 1995;89:341-6.

· Statistical Issues

General Data Analysis

Armitage P. Statistics in Medical Research. Oxford; Blackwell (ed), 1971:374.

Armstrong B. A Simple Estimator of Minimum Detectable Relative Risk, Sample Size, or Power in Cohort Studies. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126:356-8.

Berry G. The analysis of mortality by the subject-years method. Biometrics 1983;39:173-84.

Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol I: The Analysis of Case Control Studies. Lyon, IARC, 1980.

Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol II: The Analysis of Case Control Studies. Lyon, IARC, 1987.

Checkoway H, Pearce N, Dement JM. Design and Conduct of Occupational Epidemiology Studies: I-IV. Am J Ind Med. 1989;15:363-416.

Checkoway H, Pearce NE, Crawford-Brown DJ. Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc (B) 1972;34:187-220.

Decoufle P, Thomas TL, Pickle LW. Comparison of the proportionate mortality ratio and standardized mortality ratio risk estimates. Am J Epi. 1980; 111(3): 263-269.

Fleiss, J.L., Cohen, J., and Everitt, B.S. (1969), "Large-Sample Standard Errors of Kappa and Weighted Kappa," Psychological Bulletin, 72, 323-327.

Frome EL. The Analysis of Rates Using Poisson Regression Models. Biometrics 1983;39:655-74.

Goodman LA. The analysis of dependence in cross-classifications having ordered categories using log-linear models for frequencies and loglinear models for odds. Biometrics 1983;39:149-60.

Goodman LA. Three elementary views of log linear models for the analysis of cross-classifications having ordered categories. In S Leinhardt (Ed), Sociological Methodol 1981, p193-239. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hagennars JA. Categorical Longitudinal Data. Susan McElroy (ed), Sage Pub, 1990.

Kelsey JL, Whittemore AS, Evans AS, Thompson WD. Methods in Observational Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Mietninen OS, Wan J-D. An alternative to the PMR. Am J Epi 1981;114:144-148.

Miettinen OS. Standardization of risk ratios. Am J Epidemiol 1972;96:383-8.

Monson RR. Occupational Epidemiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990, second edition.

Park RM, Maizlish NA, Punnett L, Moure-Eraso R, Silverstein MA. A comparison of PMRs and SMRs as estimators of occupational mortality. Epidemiology 1991;2:49-59.

Walter SD. Determination of Significant Relative Risks and Optimal Sampling Procedures in Prospective and Retrospective Comparative Studies of Various Sizes. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105:387-97.

Wong O, Decoufle P. Methodologic issues involving the SMR and PMR in occupational studies. JOM 1982;24:299-304.

Data Analysis: Concordance

Dice LR. Measures of the Amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 1945;26(3):297-302.

Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 2nd Edition. NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

Goodman LA, Kruskal WH. Measures of Association for Cross Classifications. Am Stats Association J 1954;December:733-763.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Instruction Manual. Part 19-Industry and Occupation Coding for Death Certificates, 1998. Washington DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998.

· Occupational Epidemiology

Classic Occupational Epidemiology

Austin SG, Huang N, Woernle CW. PMR study of mortality among Alabama workers and farmers. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:29-36.

Behrens V, Seligman P, Cameron L, Mathias CGT, Fine L. The prevalence of back pain, hand discomfort and dermatitis in the US working population. Am J Pub Health 1994;84:1780-5.

Biddlecom AE, LeClere FB, Hardy AM, Hendershot GE. National study of knowledge of AIDS, testing patterns, and self-assessed risk among health care workers. J AIDS 1992;5:1131-6.

Boffetta P, Kogevinas M, ed. Occupational Cancer in Europe. Env Health Perspectives 1999; 107; Suppl 2:227-306.

Chiazze L, Watkins DK, Fryar C. Historical cohort mortality study of a continuous filament fiberglass manufacturing plant. JOEM 1997;39:432-41.

Dell L, Teta MJ. Mortality among workers at a plastics manufacturing and research and development facility. Am J Ind Med 1995;28:325-37.

Engholm G, Englund A. Morbidity and mortality patterns in Sweden. Occ Med 1995;10:261-8.

Fosbroke DE, Kisner SM, Myers JR. Working lifetime risk of occupational fatal injury. Am J Ind Med 1997;31:459-67.

Gold B, Kathren RL. Causes of death of a cohort of 260 plutonium workers. Health Phys 1998;75:236-40.

Honda Y, Delzell E, Cole P. An updated study of mortality among workers at a petroleum manufacturing plant. JOEM 1995;37:194-200.

Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H. Correlates of back problems and back-related disability in the US. J Clin Epid 1997;50:669-81.

Hwang SA, Fitzgerald EF, Herzfeld PM, Stark A. Mortality among NY highway maintenance workers. Int Arch Occ Env Health 1995;67:225-35.

Kagamimori S, Matusbara I, Sokejima S, et al. The comparative study of occupational mortality between Japan and Great Britain. Ind Health 1998;36:252-7.

Klatt ML, Kennedy RD, Conway GA. Years of potential life lost and lost future productivity due to occupational fatalities -- Alaska 1990-1994. Alaska Med 1995;37:123-5.

Koskala RS. Mortality, morbidity, and health selection among metal works. Scand J Work Env Health 1997;23 Suppl 2:1-80.

Kross BC, Burmeister LF, Ogilvie LK, Fuortes LJ, Fu CM. Proportionate mortality study of golf course superintendents. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:501-6.

La Rosa JH. Women, Work and Health: Employment as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Am J Ob Gyn 1988;158:15597-1602.

Lalich NR, Sestito JP. Editorial. Am J Ind Med 1997;31:1-3.

Loomis DP, Richardson DB, Wolf SH, Runyan CW, Butts JD. Fatal occupational injuries in a southern state. Am J Epi 1997;145:1089-99.

Matanoski GW, Kanchanaraksa S, Lees PS, et al. Industry wide study of mortality of pulp and paper mill workers. Am J Ind Med 1998;33:327-40.

Monson RR, Fine LJ. Cancer mortality and morbidity among rubber workers. J NCI 1978;61:1047.

Pollan M, Gustavsson P. High risk occupations for breast cancer in the Swedish female working population. Am J Pub Health 1999;89:875-81.

Redmond CK, Smith EM, et al. Long term mortality study of steelworkers. JOM 1969;11:299.

Robinson CF, Halperin WE, Alterman T et al. Mortality patterns among construction workers in the US. Occ Med 1995;10:269-83.

Savitz DA, Checkoway H, Loomis DP. Magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease mortality among electric utility workers. Epid 1998;9:398-404.

Schouten EJ, Borgdorff MW. Increased mortality among Dutch development workers. BMJ 1995;311:1343-4.

Steenland K, Brown D. Mortality study of goldminers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphibole minerals: an update with 14 more years of followup. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:195-205.

Struttman TW, Moon-Hampton E, Scheerer A, Pollack SH, Spurlock C. Occupational fatalities in Kentucky -- 1994. J Kentucky Med Ass 1996;94:395-400.

Suruda A, Wallace D. Fatal work related injuries in the US chemical industry 1984-89. Int Arch Occ Env Health 1996;68:425-8.

Tsai SP, Gilstrap EL, Cowles SR, Snyder PJ, Ross CE. Long term follow up mortality study of petroleum refinery and chemical plant employees. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:75-87.

Women workers

Alterman T, Burnett C, Peipins L, Lalich N, Halperin W. Occupation and cervical cancer: an opportunity for prevention. J Womens Health 1997;6:649-57.

King TK, Borrelli B, Black C, Pinto BM, Marcus BH. Minority women and tobacco: implications for smoking cessation interventions. Ann Behav Med 1997;19:301-13.

Wagener DK, Walstedt J, Jenkins L, Burnett C, Lalich N, Fingerhut M. Women: work and health. Vital Health Stats 1997;31:1-91.

Winkleby MA, Kraemer HC, Ahn DK, Varady AN. Ethnic and socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: findings for women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. JAMA 280;356-62.

Older workers

Arndt V, Rothenbacher D, Brenner H, Fraisse E, Zschenderlein B, Daniel U, Schuberth S, Flidner TM. Older workers in the construction industry: results of a routine health examination and a five year follow up. Occ Env Med 1996;53:686-91.

Besl JR, Kale BD. Older workers in the 21st century: active and educated, a case study.
Monthly Labor Review 1996;119:18-28.

Castillo DN, Malit BD. Occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the US: trends and comparisons with older workers. Injury Prev 1997;3:277-81.

Ilmarinen J, Tuomi K. Work ability of aging workers. Scan J Work Environ Heal 1992;18:8-10.

Landen DD, Hendricks S. Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey on occupational injury among older workers in the United States. Scan J Work Env Health 1992;18(suppl 2);18-20.

Nygard CH, Huuhtanen P, Tuomi K, Martikainen R. Perceived work changes between 1981 and 1992 among aging workers in Finland. Scan J Work Environ Health 1997;23:12-9.

Oman D, Reed D, Ferrara A. Do elderly women have more physical disability than men do? Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:834-42.

Parnes HS, Sommers DG. Shunning Retirement: Work Experience of Men in Their Seventies and Early Eighties. J Gerontol 1994;49:S117-S124.

WHO Study Group on Aging and Working Capacity. Aging and Working Capacity: Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO Technical Report Series:35, 1993

Minority Worker populations

Frumkin H, Pransky G. Special Populations in occupational health. Occ Med 1999;14:479-84.

Frumkin H, Williamson M, Magid D, Holmes JH, Grisso JA. Occupational injuries in a poor inner-city population. JOEM 1995;37:1374-82.

Liao Y, Cooper RS, Cao G et al. Mortality patterns among adult Hispanics: findings from the NHIS, 1986-1990. Am J Pub Health 1998;88:227-32.

Loewenson RH. Health impact of occupational risks in the informal sector in Zimbawe. Int J Occ Env Health 1998; 4:264-274.

Loomis D, Richardson D. Race and the risk of fatal injury at work. Am J Pub Health 1998;88:40-4.

Mueller KJ, Ortega ST, Parker K, Patil K, Askenazi A. Health status and access to care among rural minorities. J Health Care Poor Underserved 1999;10:230-249.

Richardson D, Loomis D, Wolf SH, Gregory E. Fatal agricultural injuries in North Carolina by race and occupation, 1977-1991. Am J Ind Med 1997;31:452-8.

Wagener DK, Winn DW. Injuries in working populations: black-white differences. Am J Public Health 1991;81:1408-14.

Farmers & Pesticide Applicators

Blair A, Dosemeci M, Heineman E. Cancer and other causes of death among male and female farmers from 23 states. Am J Ind Med 1993;23:729-42.

Fleming LE, Bean JA, Rudolph M, Hamilton K. Mortality in Florida Pesticide Applicators. Occup Env Med 1999:14-8.

Gorell JM, Johnson CC, Rybicki BA, et al. The risk of Parkinsons disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water and rural living. Neurol 1998;50:1346-50.

Hayden GJ, Berberich SG, Maldonado G. Fatal farm injuries: a 5 year study utilizing a unique surveillance approach to investigate the concordance of reporting between 2 data sources. JOEM 1995;37:571-7.

Stiernstrom EL, Holmberg S, Thelin A, Svardsudd K. Reported health status among farmers and non farmers in nine rural districts. JOEM 1998;40:917-924.

Zwerling C, Sprince NL, Wallace RB, Davis CS, Whitten PS, and Heering SG. Occupational Injuries Among Agricultural Workers 51 to 61 years Old: A National Student. J. Agricul. Safety Hlth. 1(4):273-281.1995.

Firefighters

Ma F, Lee DJ, Fleming LE, Mustafa D. Race specific cancer mortality in US Firefighters: 1984-1993. J Occ Env Med 1998;40:1134-8.

Other

National Center for Health Statistic (NCHS). National Health Interview Survey. Report of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, December 1980.

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