NIHS Citations 1

Surveillance of Mortality and Morbidity in U.S. Workers

NHIS Citations 1

Citation <1>
Unique Identifier
12214795
Medline Identifier
22203127
Authors
Kessler RC. Andrews G. Colpe LJ. Hiripi E. Mroczek DK. Normand SL.
Walters EE. Zaslavsky AM.
Institution
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
02115, USA.
Title
Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in
non-specific psychological distress.
Source
Psychological Medicine. 32(6):959-76, 2002 Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A 10-question screening scale of psychological distress and a
six-question short-form scale embedded within the 10-question scale were
developed for the redesigned US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
METHODS: Initial pilot questions were administered in a US national mail
survey (N = 1401). A reduced set of questions was subsequently administered
in a US national telephone survey (N = 1574). The 10-question and
six-question scales, which we refer to as the K10 and K6, were constructed
from the reduced set of questions based on Item Response Theory models. The
scales were subsequently validated in a two-stage clinical reappraisal
survey (N = 1000 telephone screening interviews in the first stage followed
by N = 153 face-to-face clinical interviews in the second stage that
oversampled first-stage respondents who screened positive for emotional
problems) in a local convenience sample. The second-stage sample was
administered the screening scales along with t!
he Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The K6 was subsequently
included in the 1997 (N = 36116) and 1998 (N = 32440) US National Health
Interview Survey, while the K10 was included in the 1997 (N = 10641)
Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. RESULTS: Both
the K10 and K6 have good precision in the 90th-99th percentile range of the
population distribution (standard errors of standardized scores in the range
0.20-0.25) as well as consistent psychometric properties across major
sociodemographic subsamples. The scales strongly discriminate between
community cases and non-cases of DSM-IV/SCID disorders, with areas under the
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.87-0.88 for disorders
having Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores of 0-70 and 0.95-0.96
for disorders having GAF scores of 0-50. CONCLUSIONS: The brevity, strong
psychometric properties, and ability to discriminate DSM-IV cases from
non-cases make the K10 and K6 attrac!
tive for use in general-purpose health surveys. The scales are already being
used in annual government health surveys in the US and Canada as well as in
the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Routine inclusion of either the K10 or
K6 in clinical studies would create an important, and heretofore missing,
crosswalk between community and clinical epidemiology.

Citation <2>
Unique Identifier
12164471
Medline Identifier
22154340
Authors
Moon OR. Kim NS. Jang SM. Yoon TH. Kim SO.
Institution
Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
ucho@plaza.snu.ac.kr
Title
The relationship between body mass index and the prevalence of
obesity-related diseases based on the 1995 National Health Interview Survey
in Korea.
Source
Obesity Reviews. 3(3):191-6, 2002 Aug.
Abstract
This study estimated the body mass index (BMI) distribution of Koreans and
examined the relationship between BMI and obesity-related diseases, in
particular hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We also attempted to provide
primary data to determine suitable BMI cut-off points for obesity in Korea.
The 1995 National Health Interview Study (NHIS) data were used to estimate
BMI and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A random
sample of 5750 Koreans (15-69 years of age) were investigated. BMI was
calculated by self-reported weights and heights. The diagnoses of
hypertension and diabetes mellitus were obtained from self-reported
conditions specified in response to consultations with physicians. The mean
BMI was 22.6+/-2.6 kg m(-2) for males and 21.7+/-4.8 kg m(-2) for females.
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus increased with BMI. The
odds ratios of the third quartile of BMI (21.9-23.8 kg m(-2)) for
hypertension and diabetes mellitus compared wi!
th the first quartile were 6.04 and 3.22, respectively. The odds ratio of
the fourth quartile (>23.8 kg m(-2)) of BMI was not significantly different
from that of the third quartile. The risk of hypertension and diabetes
mellitus increased at the third quartile of BMI (21.9-23.8 kg m(-2)), this
quartile being much lower than both the current World Health Organization
(WHO) BMI cut-off point of overweight of 25.0 kg m(-2), and the 90th
percentile proposed in the Monica project, BMI 26.4 kg m(-2). This finding
was notable considering the fact that both hypertension and diabetes
mellitus occur in Koreans with lower BMIs than whites. Further studies are
necessary to identify the BMI cut-off point for obesity in Korea.

Citation <3>
Unique Identifier
12488477
Medline Identifier
22376558
Authors
Hiatt RA. Klabunde C. Breen N. Swan J. Ballard-Barbash R.
Institution
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
robert.hiatt@nih.gov
Title
Cancer screening practices from National Health Interview Surveys: past,
present, and future. [Review] [76 refs]
Source
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 94(24):1837-46, 2002 Dec 18.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) has provided data about health
behaviors at the national level since 1957. The 1987 and 1992 Cancer Control
Supplements to the NHIS, along with other supplemental surveys administered
intermittently on self-reported cancer-related behaviors, have contributed
to important research and public health purposes. In this article, we
reviewed 73 papers published between 1980 and 2001 that used NHIS data,
including the first report from the 1998 NHIS, to examine what has been
learned from past surveys. Our goal was to facilitate future analyses of
recently released data on cancer screening practices from the Cancer Control
Supplement to the 2000 NHIS, which is now known as the Cancer Control
Module. We categorized the papers according to which of the following three
study approaches they used: trends in screening rates, correlates of these
rates with factors that may influence screening, and linkages or comparisons
of NHIS data with other !
surveys or sources of information. We summarize knowledge gained in cancer
screening for each of these three categories and identify areas that could
benefit from more research. We highlight some of the new information
available for the first time on the Cancer Control Module of the 2000 NHIS
as fresh opportunities for cancer control research. Finally, we describe how
the Cancer Control Supplements to the NHIS are integrated with the
objectives of and developments in national cancer surveillance research that
have emerged from federal planning efforts and collaborations with national
partners in cancer surveillance in recent years. [References: 76]

Citation <4>
Unique Identifier
12508702
Medline Identifier
22397273
Authors
Andersen RM. Yu H. Wyn R. Davidson PL. Brown ER. Teleki S.
Institution
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Title
Access to medical care for low-income persons: how do communities make a
difference?.
Source
Medical Care Research & Review. 59(4):384-411, 2002 Dec.
Abstract
This paper considers the impact of community-level variables over and
above the effects of individual characteristics on healthcare access of
low-income children and adults residing in large metropolitan statistical
areas (MSAs). Further, we rank MSAs' performance in promoting healthcare
access for their low-income populations. The individual-level data come from
the 1995 and 1996 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The
community-level variables are derived from multiple public-use data sources.
The outcome variable is whether low-income individuals received a physician
visit in the past twelve months. The proportion receiving a visit by MSA
varied from 63% to 99% for children and from 62% to 83% for adults. Access
was better for individuals with health insurance and a regular source of
care and for those living in communities with more federally-funded health
centers. Children residing in MSA.

Citation <5>
Unique Identifier
12507052
Medline Identifier
22394738
Authors
Polivka BJ. Elliott MB. Wolowich WR.
Institution
Health Sciences Center, College of Nursing, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. polivka.1@osu.edu
Title
Comparison of poison exposure data: NHIS and TESS data.
Source
Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology. 40(7):839-45, 2002.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify age-adjusted poisoning episode rates, and poison
control center contacts due to poisonings in children under 6 years old
based on 1997-1999 National Health Interview Survey data; and compare
findings with 1997-1999 Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data. METHODS:
Secondary analysis of National Health Interview Survey poisoning episode
data for children 5 years and younger. Respondents were asked about poison
exposures during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: Based on National Health
Interview Survey population weighted data there were 196/10,000 poisonings
to young children < 6 years. These exposures resulted primarily from harmful
solid or liquid substances. A poison control center was called in 86% of
exposures to children < 4 years, but only in 70% of the 4-5 year old
exposures. The odds of a poison control center not being called were 3.2
times greater for 4-5 year olds (compared to < or = 3 years) and 4.5 times
greater for African-American (compare!
d with White-Americans). Comparison of National Health Interview Survey data
with data in the 1997-1999 Annual Reports of the Toxic Exposure Surveillance
System revealed the number of estimated exposures in the National Health
Interview Survey data were approximately half those reported in the Toxic
Exposure Surveillance System data. In both datasets, children 1-2 years of
age had the highest percent of poisoning exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Using
multiple datasets to explore poisoning rates in young children provides a
broader perspective. Differences in findings reflect divergent data
collection methods and biases inherent in each database. Although the
majority of National Health Interview Survey respondents reporting
contacting a poison control center for a poisoning exposure, rates are lower
in specific subgroups indicating a need for targeted educational efforts.

Citation <6>
Unique Identifier
12092985
Medline Identifier
22087270
Authors
Yu SM. Park CH. Schwalberg RH.
Institution
Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health
Bureau, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. syu@hrsa.gov
Title
Factors associated with smoking cessation among U.S. pregnant women.
Source
Maternal & Child Health Journal. 6(2):89-97, 2002 Jun.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examines smoking and smoking cessation behaviors
among U.S. pregnant women and seeks to identify the sociodemographic
correlates of smoking cessation in pregnancy. METHODS: The 1998 NHIS
Pregnancy and Smoking supplement was analyzed, including 5288 U.S. women
(weighted to represent 13,714,358 women) who gave birth to a liveborn infant
in the past 5 years. Four categories of smoking behavior were analyzed:
nonsmoking at last pregnancy, persistent smoking throughout pregnancy,
attempting unsuccessfully to quit during pregnancy, and successfully
quitting during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to isolate risk
factors for each of the smoking behaviors and to examine factors associated
with attempted and successful cessation. RESULTS: The women most likely to
attempt to quit smoking in pregnancy were Hispanic women (OR = 3.09) and
women who have smoked for less than 10 years (OR = 2.75 for women aged
18-24.) In general, for the groups at highest risk!
of smoking at the start of pregnancy, the odds of being a persistent smoker
were higher than the odds of being an unsuccessful quitter, which in turn
were higher than the odds of quitting successfully. The factors associated
with attempts to quit included Hispanic ethnicity, higher education,
above-poverty income, and shorter duration of smoking, while the combined
effect of age and smoking duration was the only one significantly associated
with successful quitting. In every age group, longer smoking duration was
associated with lower likelihood of attempting to quit as well as successful
quitting. CONCLUSIONS: The factors most strongly associated with attempts to
quit smoking were Hispanic ethnicity and the combined effect of age and
smoking duration. Future smoking cessation and relapse prevention programs
should be developed, taking into consideration the critical factors of age,
ethnicity, income, geography, and addiction.

Citation <7>
Unique Identifier
12469762
Medline Identifier
22357391
Authors
Ghafoor A. Jemal A. Cokkinides V. Cardinez C. Murray T. Samuels A.
Thun MJ.
Institution
Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer
Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Title
Cancer statistics for African Americans.[comment].
Comments
Comment in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2002 Nov-Dec;52(6):322-5; PMID: 12469761
Source
Ca: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 52(6):326-41, 2002 Nov-Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The American Cancer Society provides estimates on the number of new cancer
cases and deaths, and compiles health statistics on African Americans in a
biennial publication, Cancer Facts and Figures for African Americans. The
compiled statistics include cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and
lifestyle behaviors using the most recent data on incidence and survival
from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End Results (SEER) program, mortality data from the National Center for
Health Statistics (NCHS), and behavioral information from the Behavior Risk
Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS), and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). It is estimated that
132,700 new cases of cancer and 63,100 deaths will occur among African
Americans in the year 2003. Although African Americans have experienced
higher incidence and mortality rates of cancer than whites for many years,
incidence rates have declined!
by 2.7 percent per year in African-American males since 1992, while
stabilizing in African-American females. During the same period, death rates
declined by 2.1 percent and 0.4 percent per year among African-American
males and females, respectively. The decrease in both incidence and death
rates from cancer among African-American males was the largest of any racial
or ethnic group. Nonetheless, African Americans still carry the highest
cancer burden among US racial and ethnic groups. Most cancers detectable by
screening are diagnosed at a later stage and survival rates are lower within
each stage of disease in African Americans than in whites. The extent to
which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other
factors is an active area of research.

Citation <8>
Unique Identifier
12359378
Medline Identifier
22246605
Authors
Kann L. Brener ND. Warren CW. Collins JL. Giovino GA.
Institution
Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lkk1@cdc.gov
Title
An assessment of the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence
of health risk behaviors among adolescents.
Source
Journal of Adolescent Health. 31(4):327-35, 2002 Oct.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the effect of data collection setting on the
prevalence of priority health risk behaviors among adolescents. METHODS:
Analyses were conducted using data from two national probability surveys of
adolescents, the 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey
(YRBS) and the 1992 household-based National Health Interview Survey
(NHIS/YRBS). Forty-two items were worded identically on both surveys.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 42 identically worded items (93%) showed that
the YRBS produced estimates indicating higher risk than the NHIS.
Twenty-four of these comparisons yielded statistically significant
differences. The prevalence estimates affected most were those for behaviors
that are either illegal or socially stigmatized. CONCLUSIONS: School-based
surveys produce higher prevalence estimates for adolescent health risk
behaviors than do household-based surveys. Each has advantages and
disadvantages, and both can play a role in assessing these behaviors!
.

Citation <9>
Unique Identifier
2327537
Medline Identifier
90225188
Authors
Hardy AM. Dawson DA.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Title
HIV antibody testing among adults in the United States: data from 1988
NHIS.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 80(5):586-9, 1990 May.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Data collected from 21,168 adults using the 1988 AIDS supplement to the
National Health Interview Survey were examined to determine awareness of and
experience with HIV antibody testing in the United States. Three-fourths of
adults knew of the blood test for HIV antibodies; awareness was lower among
Blacks, Hispanics, older adults, and those less educated. Overall, 17
percent of adults had been tested; of these, 73 percent because of blood
donation, 14 percent through other non-voluntary programs (such as military
induction), and 16 percent sought testing voluntarily. While a smaller
proportion of Black and Hispanic adults had been tested, they were more
likely than their White non-Hispanic counterparts to have been tested
voluntarily. Persons who reported belonging to groups with high-risk
behaviors were also more likely to have been voluntarily tested. Most of
those tested voluntarily received their test results, but only one-third
also received prevention information. Thr!
ee percent of adults plan to be tested voluntarily in the next year; about
half will seek testing through their doctor or health maintenance
organization.

Citation <10>
Unique Identifier
12418709
Medline Identifier
22305802
Authors
Caplan LS.
Institution
Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School
of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30315, USA. lcaplan@msm.edu
Title
To screen or not to screen: the issue of breast cancer screening in older
women.
Source
Public Health Reviews. 29(2-4):231-40, 2001.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
recommends that women aged 50-69 receive timely breast cancer screening, but
does not make a recommendation for women aged 70 and older. Our purpose is
to assess the relationship between age and breast cancer screening trends,
and to consider the issue of breast cancer screening of women 70 years of
age and older in light of demographics, disease burden, life expectancy, and
activity level. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the state-based Behvioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS) on breast cancer screening practices and activity limitation
status of women 50 and older. RESULTS: The percentage of women who reported
receiving mammography and clinical breast examination within two years was
lower among older women compared with younger women, and the gap has widened
over time. In 1991-92, 61.4% of women 50-69 received screening within two
years, compar!
ed to 49.5% of women 70 and above, while in 1997-98, the percentages were
71.1 and 56.7, respectively. Among both age groups and in both time periods,
those unable to perform a major activity of daily living were less likely to
report receiving mammography within two years than those with no limitation,
and the gap was much wider in the elderly. Most (62.7%) women 70 and older
reported having no activity limitation; only 5.5% reported being unable to
perform a major activity. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that elderly
women are less likely than younger women to receive timely breast cancer
screening. The USPSTF does not recommend continued screening in elderly
women because most studies of breast cancer efficacy included inadequate
numbers of these women. Few, if any, studies have yielded evidence that
screening is ineffective in women 70 and over. Given the higher breast
cancer incidence and mortality seen in elderly women, as well as the
increased life expectancy with li!
ttle or no activity limitation seen among today's elderly, consideration
should be given to including elderly women in the recommendation to receive
timely breast cancer screening. Since surgical and adjuvant therapy for
breast cancer in older women has less complications than therapy for other
cancers of the elderly, the cost-benefit ratio for breast cancer screening
in this age group may prove to be more promising.

Citation <11>
Unique Identifier
12382696
Medline Identifier
22270138
Authors
Clark J. Hegedus P.
Institution
Gibbs Regional Cancer Center, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, SC,
USA.
Title
Community outreach: providing a comprehensive approach to smoking
cessation.
Source
Journal of Oncology Management. 11(5):29-35, 2002 Sep-Oct.
Abstract
The LEEP Program at the SRHS has completed its first year. Executing the
strategic action plans could not have been accomplished without the
collaboration of multiple agencies-the ACS, ALA, DHEC, SADAC, and the SRHS.
Activities surrounding education, awareness, and the development of support
programs during this year have moved us closer to achieving our goal-to
develop and implement a systematic educational program including a
collaborative community-wide smoking cessation initiative. We had many
successes during the first year of the LEEP program. However, future
opportunities remain. Offering Freshstart facilitator class twice a year
will provide trained facilitators for the every-other-month Freshstart
classes at the Gibbs Regional Cancer Center and community smoking cessation
classes as needed. Moreover, smokers in the community can attend a smoking
cessation support group that began in January 2002. The support group
reinforces the safety net of services developed with!
in the first year. Collaboration with other community organizations ensure
that continued efforts are made to improve the health and quality-of-life
for upstate South Carolina residents. "According to results from the 1994
National Health Interview Supplement (NHIS-2000), 70% of smokers indicated a
strong desire to quit" (Westmaas, 2000). It is the role and responsibility
of health care institutions to provide the safety net of services to enable
patients and the community at large to be successful in their efforts to
kick the cigarette habit.

Citation <12>
Unique Identifier
12166924
Medline Identifier
22157324
Authors
Pleis JR. Gentleman JF.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md
20782, USA. JPleis@cdc.gov
Title
Using the National Health Interview Survey: time trends in influenza
vaccinations among targeted adults.
Source
Effective Clinical Practice. 5(3 Suppl):E3, 2002 May-Jun.
Abstract
Context. Influenza and its complications result in significant morbidity
and mortality each year. Certain groups are at increased risk for influenza
and influenza-related complications. They, and others who are in close
contact with them, are target groups to receive a yearly influenza
immunization according to recommendations from the Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices (ACIP). Objective. To estimate the proportions of
adults in selected target groups who received influenza vaccination in 1995
and 1998 and to identify characteristics associated with vaccination
receipt. Data Source. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a
nationally representative survey of civilian noninstitutionalized persons
conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control's National Center for
Health Statistics. We used data for adults (> 18 years of age) from the 1995
and 1998 NHIS. Outcome Measure. Proportions of persons in target groups
self-reporting influenza vaccination in the!
12 months before the NHIS interview. Results. Between 1995 and 1998,
influenza vaccination increased for persons aged 65 and older (58.2% to
63.3%; P<0.05) and for adults under 65 belonging to selected ACIP target
groups (27.5% to 30.1%; P<0.05). Examination of 1998 data shows that
regardless of age, the likelihood of influenza vaccination is strongly
influenced by having health coverage or a regular source of care. For
example, 66% of the elderly with private fee- for-service health care
coverage were vaccinated, compared with 23% of the elderly with no insurance
(adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.3). For persons aged 18 to
64 years belonging to an ACIP target group, the corresponding figures are
32% vs. 16% (adjusted OR, 1.8; CI, 1.4 to 2.3). The likelihood of
vaccination also varied by race and ethnicity: For age 65 and older, 66% of
non-Hispanic whites were vaccinated compared with 46% of non-Hispanic blacks
(adjusted OR, 2; CI, 1.6 to 2.4). Conclusions. The!
use of influenza vaccination among adults at high risk for influenza and
influenza-related complications increased between 1995 and 1998. Younger
individuals at high risk, people without insurance or a regular source of
care, and nonwhites still have low vaccination rates.

Citation <13>
Unique Identifier
11963444
Medline Identifier
21960752
Authors
Ruy H. Young WB. Kwak H.
Institution
College of Nursing, Korea University, 126-1, 5Ka, Anam-dong Sungbuk-ku,
Seoul, South Korea 136-075. hosihn@chollian.net
Title
Differences in health insurance and health service utilization among Asian
Americans: method for using the NHIS to identify unique patterns between
ethnic groups.
Source
International Journal of Health Planning & Management. 17(1):55-68, 2002
Jan-Mar.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to outline a method to identify the
characteristics of socioeconomic variables in determining the differences in
health insurance coverage and health services utilization patterns for
different ethnic groups, using the behavioural model of health service
utilization. A sample drawn from Asian American adult respondents to the
1992, 1993, and 1994 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) in the USA
formed the data set. The results showed Asian Americans as not being
homogeneous. There were distinctly different demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics between six Asian American ethnic groups that affect health
insurance coverage and health service utilization. The study method is
useful for constructing health policy and services to address the general
public need without adversely affecting smaller minority groups. Secondary
analysis of well-constructed national data sets such as the specific Asian
ethnic groups in NHIS, offers a rich method !
for predicting the differential impact of specific health policies on
various ethnic groups.

Citation <14>
Unique Identifier
11888440
Medline Identifier
21885677
Authors
Stein RE. Silver EJ.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's
Hospital at Montefiore, 111 East 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
rstein@aecom.yu.edu
Title
Comparing different definitions of chronic conditions in a national data
set.
Source
Ambulatory Pediatrics. 2(1):63-70, 2002 Jan-Feb.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the application of 4 different definitions of
chronic conditions and disabilities in children using a large national
database. METHODS: The study used data on children 0-17 years of age from
the 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Core Interview and
Disability Supplement. We selected items to create algorithms that
operationalized 4 extant definitions and compared the proportions of
children identified by each. For each definition we conducted bivariate and
logistic regression analyses of age and sociodemographic and health-related
characteristics potentially related to presence of disability. We then
compared the results across definitions to determine if they were equally
likely to identify children across a full range of sociodemographic
variables, ages, and health-related characteristics. We also examined the
level of agreement among definitions and determined the degree to which they
identified the same or different children. RES!
ULTS: Using a single data set, the 4 operational definitions identified
somewhat different proportions of children as having chronic conditions or
disability overall (the range was 13.7%-17%). However, the ways in which the
definitions identified children along a spectrum of variables did not differ
substantially across the definitions. The percent agreement in
identification between any two individual definitions was > or = 95%. In
general, a higher proportion of children were identified among males,
whites, those in older age groups, and among those whose parents had lower
levels of education and those who were living below the poverty level.
Although the same set of variables identified children with conditions who
fit all 4 definitions compared with children who met the criteria for 1 to 3
definitions, higher rather than lower parent education was associated with
agreement across all definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Little has been known about
the comparability of different defin!
itions for identifying children with chronic conditions, special health care
needs, and disability. Our findings suggest substantial overlap in the
numbers and characteristics of the children that several different
conceptual definitions identify. It remains unclear whether subgroups with
higher or lower proportions of children with chronic disorders represent a
substantive finding or whether they result from methodological problems
shared by the ways in which the definitions are operationalized.

Citation <15>
Unique Identifier
11814067
Medline Identifier
21672541
Authors
Smith RA. Cokkinides V. von Eschenbach AC. Levin B. Cohen C. Runowicz
CD. Sener S. Saslow D. Eyre HJ. American Cancer Society.
Institution
Cancer Control Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Title
American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer.
Source
Ca: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 52(1):8-22, 2002 Jan-Feb.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Each year the American Cancer Society publishes a summary of existing
recommendations for early cancer detection, including updates, and/or
emerging issues that are relevant to screening for cancer. In last year's
article, the guidelines regarding screening for the early detection of
prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers were updated, as was the
narrative pertaining to testing for early lung cancer detection. Although
none of the ACS's guidelines were updated in 2001, work is proceeding on an
update of screening recommendations for breast and cervical cancer and an
update of these guidelines will be announced in the January/February 2003
issue of CA. As in previous issues, we review recommendations for the
" cancer-related check-up," in which clinical encounters provide case-finding
and health counseling opportunities. Finally, we provide an update of the
most recent data pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening by
age, gender, and ethnicity from the Cent!
ers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS) and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Citation <16>
Unique Identifier
12236391
Medline Identifier
22221190
Authors
Legler J. Breen N. Meissner H. Malec D. Coyne C.
Institution
Statistical Research and Applications Branch, Surveillance Research
Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Title
Predicting patterns of mammography use: a geographic perspective on
national needs for intervention research.
Source
Health Services Research. 37(4):929-47, 2002 Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a methodology for planning preventive health
service research that takes into account geographic context. DATA SOURCES:
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) self-reports of mammography within
the past two years, 1987, and 1993-94. Area Resource File (ARF), 1990.
Database of mammography intervention research studies conducted from 1984 to
1994. DESIGN: Bayesian hierarchical modeling describes mammography as a
function of county-level socioeconomic data and explicitly estimates the
geographic variation unexplained by the county-level data. This model
produces county use estimates (both NHIS-sampled and unsampled), which are
aggregated for entire states. The locations of intervention research studies
are examined in light of the statewide mammography utilization estimates.
DATA EXTRACTION: Individual level NHIS data were merged with county-level
data from the ARF. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: State maps reveal the estimated
distribution of mammography utilizat!
ion and intervention research. Eighteen states with low mammography use
reported no intervention research activity. County-level occupation and
education were important predictors for younger women in 1993-94. In 1987,
they were not predictive for any demographic group. CONCLUSIONS:
Opportunities exist to improve the planning of future intervention research
by considering geographic context. Modeling results suggest that the choice
of predictors be tailored to both the population and the time period under
study when planning interventions.

Citation <17>
Unique Identifier
12197985
Medline Identifier
22186410
Authors
Tsai YW. Hu TW.
Institution
National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan. ivyt-sai@nhri.org.tw
Title
National health insurance, physician financial incentives, and primary
cesarean deliveries in Taiwan.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 92(9):1514-7, 2002 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Taiwan's National Health Insurance Program (NHI) was
implemented on March 1, 1995. This study analyzed the influences of the Case
Payment method of reimbursement for inpatient care and of physician
financial incentives on a woman's choice for primary cesarean delivery.
METHODS: Logistic regressions were used to analyze 11 788 first-time
deliveries in a nonprofit hospital system between March 1, 1994, and
February 29, 1996. RESULTS: After implementation of the NHI's Case Payment
scheme, the likelihood that a woman would choose primary cesarean delivery
increased by four to five times compared with the choice behavior of
uninsured individuals prior to NHI (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Out-of-pocket
payment discourages the selection of primary cesarean delivery. No robust
statistics were found relating physician financial incentives to delivery
choice.

Citation <18>
Unique Identifier
12186222
Medline Identifier
22173523
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2000.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 51(29):642-5, 2002 Jul 26.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce the prevalence
of cigarette smoking among adults to < or = 12% (objective 27.1a). To assess
progress toward this objective, CDC analyzed self-reported data from the
2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample Adult Core questionnaire
and Cancer Control module. This report summarizes the findings of this
analysis, which indicate that, in 2000, approximately 23.3% of adults were
current smokers compared with 25.0% in 1993, reflecting a modest but
statistically significant decrease in prevalence among U.S. adults. In 2000,
an estimated 70% of smokers said they wanted to quit, and 41% had tried to
quit during the preceding year; however, marked differences in successful
quitting were observed among demographic groups. A comprehensive approach to
cessation that comprises economic, clinical, regulatory, and educational
strategies is required to further reduce the prevalence of smoking in the
United States.

Citation <19>
Unique Identifier
12165584
Medline Identifier
22155760
Authors
Akinbami LJ. Schoendorf KC.
Institution
Infant and Child Health Studies Branch, National Center for Health
Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bethesda, Maryland,
USA. lakinbami@cdc.gov
Title
Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and
mortality.
Source
Pediatrics. 110(2 Pt 1):315-22, 2002 Aug.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to use national data to produce a
comprehensive description of trends in childhood asthma prevalence, health
care utilization, and mortality to assess changes in the disease burden
among US children. METHODS: Five data sources from the National Center for
Health Statistics were used to describe trends in asthma for children aged 0
to 17 years from 1980 to the most recent year for which data were available.
These included the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National
Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical
Care Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Mortality
Component of the National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS: Asthma
prevalence increased by an average of 4.3% per year from 1980 to 1996, from
3.6% to 6.2%. The peak prevalence was 7.5% in 1995. In 1997, asthma attack
prevalence was 5.4%, but changes in the NHIS design in 1997 preclude
comparison to previous estimates. Asthma atta!
ck prevalence remained level from 1997 to 2000. After a decrease between
1980 and 1989, the asthma office visit rate increased by an average of 3.8%
per year from 1989 to 1999. The asthma hospitalization rate grew by 1.4% per
year from 1980 to 1999. Although childhood asthma deaths are rare, the
asthma death rate increased by 3.4% per year from 1980 to 1998. Children
aged 0 to 4 years had the largest increase in prevalence and had greater
health care use, but adolescents had the highest mortality. The asthma
burden was borne disproportionately by black children throughout the period.
Racial disparities were largest for asthma hospitalizations and mortality:
compared with white children, in 1998-1999, black children were >3 times as
likely to be hospitalized and in 1997-1998 >4 times as likely to die from
asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Recent data suggest that the burden from childhood
asthma may have recently plateaued after several years of increasing,
although additional years of data!
collection are necessary to confirm a change in trend. Racial and ethnic
disparities remain large for asthma health care utilization and mortality.

Citation <20>
Unique Identifier
12133264
Medline Identifier
22128264
Authors
Inungu JN.
Institution
Central Michigan University, School of Health Sciences, Mount Pleasant,
Michigan 48858, USA. inung1j@cmich.edu
Title
Potential barriers to seeking human immunodeficiency virus testing among
adults in the United States: data from the 1998 National Health Interview
Survey.
Source
AIDS Patient Care & Stds. 16(6):293-9, 2002 Jun.
Abstract
To assess potential barriers to seeking human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
testing among adults in the United States, data from the 1998 National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. The NHIS is a multistage
cluster survey of the United States noninstitutionalized civilian population
ages 18 years or older. The 1998 NHIS survey was conducted using the
computer-assisted personal interview. Of a nationally representative sample
(n = 32,440) of the U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population, 21,410
(66%) have never been tested for HIV, 9,728 (30%) have been tested, and 1302
(4%) did not complete the survey or refused to answer the question. Among
individuals who completed the survey, men (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95%
confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1,22), individuals ages 50 years or older
(OR: 4.01, 95% CI = 3.16, 5.08), or 18-19 years (OR: 2.12, 95% CI = 1.71,
2.63), those who had "up to 11 grade" level of education (OR: 2.16, 95% CI =
1.74, 2.63), those who lived !
in nonmetropolitan areas (OR: 1.21, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.28), or lived in the
Midwest (1.34, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.43) were significantly more likely than
their counterparts to have not sought HIV testing. Among individuals who
have never been tested for HIV, 58% had no particular reason, 38% felt they
were not at risk of contracting HIV, whereas less than 1% feared adverse
consequences. The high proportion of adults who never tested for HIV after
two decades of HIV epidemic underscores the need for new approaches to fight
the spread of HIV infection in the United States.

Citation <21>
Unique Identifier
12111874
Medline Identifier
22107561
Authors
Nandram B. Choi JW.
Institution
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100
Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA. balnan@wpi.edu
Title
A Bayesian analysis of a proportion under non-ignorable non-response.
Source
Statistics in Medicine. 21(9):1189-212, 2002 May 15.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is one of the surveys used to
assess one aspect of the health status of the U.S. population. One indicator
of the nation's health is the total number of doctor visits made by the
household members in the past year. We study the binary variable of at least
one doctor visit versus no doctor visit by all household members to each of
the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The proportion of households
with at least one doctor visit is an indicator of the status of health of
the U.S. population. There is a substantial number of non-respondents among
the sampled households. The main issue we address here is that the
non-response mechanism should not be ignored because respondents and
non-respondents differ. The purpose of this work is to estimate the
proportion of households with at least one doctor visit, and to investigate
what adjustment needs to be made for non-ignorable non-response. We consider
a non-ignorable non-response mode!
l that expresses uncertainty about ignorability through the ratio of odds of
a household doctor visit among respondents to the odds of doctor visit among
all households, and this ratio varies from state to state. We use a
hierarchical Bayesian selection model to accommodate this non-response
mechanism. Because of the weak identifiability of the parameters, it is
necessary to 'borrow strength' across states as in small area estimation. We
also perform a simulation study to compare the expansion model with an
alternative expansion model, an ignorable model and a non-ignorable model.
Inference for the probability of a doctor visit is generally similar across
the models. Our main result is that for some of the states the non-response
mechanism can be considered non-ignorable, and that 95 per cent credible
intervals of the probability for a household doctor visit and the
probability that a household responds shed important light on the NHIS data.
Copyright 2002 Copyright John Wiley!
& Sons, Ltd.

Citation <22>
Unique Identifier
12093421
Medline Identifier
22088049
Authors
Dombkowski KJ. Lantz PM. Freed GL.
Institution
Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Division of General Pediatrics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0456, USA. kjd@med.umich.edu
Title
The need for surveillance of delay in age-appropriate immunization.
Source
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 23(1):36-42, 2002 Jul.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vaccination status is assessed nationally in terms of
up-to-date status without regard to the age at which recommended doses were
actually received. Our study was conducted in 2000-2001 using the most
current National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) public use files available.
METHODS: Retrospective analysis to determine up-to-date and age-appropriate
vaccination status for children aged 25 to 72 months. Five years of pooled
data (1992-1996) were obtained from the NHIS Immunization Supplement for
children aged 25 to 72 months with immunization data based on written
records. The outcome measures used were months of vaccination delay relative
to age-appropriate vaccination standard as well as up-to-date vaccination
status for the fourth diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP 4), Polio3, the
first measles-mumps-rubella (MMR1) doses, and the 4:3:1 series. RESULTS: Of
the 9223 eligible children, 80% were up-to-date for the 4:3:1 vaccination
series, but 48% had experienced d!
elays relative to age-appropriate standards. For the DTP4 dose, 85% were
up-to-date, although only 46% had received this dose at the appropriate age.
Similarly, 90% of children were up-to-date with their Polio3 dose, with 64%
receiving this dose at the appropriate age; 96% were up-to-date for the
MMR1, and 58% received this dose at the appropriate age. Age-appropriate
DTP4 vaccination increased by 17 percentage points from 1992 to 1996,
whereas up-to-date DTP4 status increased by only 6% during the same period.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with up-to-date vaccination status often experienced
considerable delay relative to age-appropriate vaccination standards.
Consequently, vaccination status measures based solely on up-to-date status
tend to understate the degree of underimmunization in a population. National
surveillance of age-appropriate vaccination is necessary to identify
subpopulations with the greatest prevalence of vaccination delay and to
reveal underlying trends that may n!
ot be evident through assessments of up-to-date status.

Citation <23>
Unique Identifier
12036797
Medline Identifier
22032621
Authors
Yu ES. Chen EH. Kim KK. Abdulrahim S.
Institution
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public
Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
eyu@mail.sdsu.edu
Title
Smoking among Chinese Americans: behavior, knowledge, and beliefs.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 92(6):1007-12, 2002 Jun.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Objectives. This report describes and examines factors significantly
associated with smoking among Chinese Americans, using multiple logistic
regression methods. Methods. We conducted a population-based survey (n =
644, age = 40-69 years) in Chicago's Chinatown using a Chinese questionnaire
based on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Results. Smoking
prevalence was 34% for males and 2% for females. Some 93% of current smokers
had smoked regularly for 10 or more years. Low education (odds ratio [OR] =
2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 4.46), use of a non-Western
physician or clinic for health care (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.46, 4.80), and no
knowledge of early cancer warning signs and symptoms (OR = 2.52; 95% CI =
1.35, 4.70) were significantly associated with smoking among men.
Conclusions. The male prevalence of smoking is higher than those reported in
California, the NHIS, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
(BRFSS); exceeds the rate for Afric!
an Americans aged 18 years and older; is comparable with the rate for
African American males aged 45 to 64 years; and is far above the Healthy
People 2010 target goal of less than 12%. Multisite surveys and smoking
cessation campaigns in Chinese are needed.

Citation <24>
Unique Identifier
12036005
Medline Identifier
22031481
Authors
Macek MD. Manski RJ. Vargas CM. Moeller JF.
Institution
Department of Oral Health Care Delivery, Baltimore College of Dental
Surgery Dental School, University of Maryland, 21201, USA.
Title
Comparing oral health care utilization estimates in the United States
across three nationally representative surveys.
Source
Health Services Research. 37(2):499-521, 2002 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare estimates of dental visits among adults using three
national surveys. DATA SOURCES/STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES), and National Health Expenditure surveys (NMCES,
NMES, MEPS). STUDY DESIGN: This secondary data analysis assessed whether
overall estimates and stratum-specific trends are different across surveys.
DATA COLLECTION: Dental visit data are age standardized via the direct
method to the 1990 population of the United States. Point estimates,
standard errors, and test statistics are generated using SUDAAN. PRINCIPAL
FINDINGS: Sociodemographic, stratum-specific trends are generally consistent
across surveys; however, overall estimates differ (NHANES III [364-day
estimate] versus 1993 NHIS: -17.5 percent difference, Z = 7.27, p value <
0.001; NHANES III [365-day estimate] vs. 1993 NHIS: 5.4 percent difference,
Z = -2.50, p value = 0.006; ME!
PS vs. 1993 NHIS: -29.8 percent difference, Z = 16.71, p value < 0.001).
MEPS is the least susceptible to intrusion, telescoping, and social
desirability. CONCLUSIONS: Possible explanations for discrepancies include
different reference periods, lead-in statements, question format, and social
desirability of responses. Choice of survey should depend on the hypothesis.
If trends are necessary, choice of survey should not matter however, if
health status or expenditure associations are necessary, then surveys that
contain these variables should be used, and if accurate overall estimates
are necessary, then MEPS should be used. A validation study should be
conducted to establish "true" utilization estimates.

Citation <25>
Unique Identifier
12036000
Medline Identifier
22031476
Authors
LaPlante MP. Harrington C. Kang T.
Institution
Disability Statistics Center, Institute for Health & Aging, University of
California at San Francisco, 94118, USA.
Title
Estimating paid and unpaid hours of personal assistance services in
activities of daily living provided to adults living at home.
Source
Health Services Research. 37(2):397-415, 2002 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the total hours of paid and unpaid personal
assistance of daily living provided to adults living at home in the United
States using nationally representative household survey data. DATA SOURCES:
The Disability Followback Survey of the National Health Interview Survey on
Disability (NHIS-D) conducted from 1994 to 1997. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
METHODS: Data were obtained on persons receiving help with up to 5 ADLs and
10 IADLs, for up to 4 helpers, including the activities they helped with,
whether the helper was paid or not, and the number of hours of help provided
in the two weeks prior to the survey. The sample consists of 8,471
household-resident adults ages 18 and older receiving help with personal
assistance. About 22 percent of the sample has missing data on hours, which
we impute by multiple regression models using demographic, ADL, and IADL
variables. FINDINGS: We estimate that 13.2 million noninstitutionalized
adults receive an average of 31!
.4 hours per week of personal assistance in ADLs and IADLs per week, with
3.2 million people receiving an average of 17.6 hours of paid help and 11.7
million receiving an average of 30.7 hours of unpaid help. More persons ages
18-64 received help than those ages 65 and older (6.9 versus 6.2 million),
but working-age recipients had fewer hours (27.4 versus 35.9) per week, due
in part to less severe levels of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Personal
assistance provided to adults with disabilities amounts to 21.5 billion
hours of help per year, with an economic value in 1996 approaching $200
billion. Only 16 percent of this total is paid, representing $32 billion in
home health services spent annually. This study, the first to estimate hours
of assistance for both working-age and older adults, documents that older
persons are more likely to receive paid personal assistance, while
working-age people rely to a greater extent on unpaid help. This study
begins to articulate the division of!
labor in the provision of personal assistance. Estimates of paid and unpaid
hours of help by number of ADLs should inform policy concerning eligibility
boundaries in long term care.

Citation <26>
Unique Identifier
12033477
Medline Identifier
22029389
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Prevalence of health-care providers asking older adults about their
physical activity levels--United States, 1998.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 51(19):412-4, 2002 May 17.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces the risk for heart disease, diabetes,
and high blood pressure; helps in the control of weight; and maintains
muscles, joints, and bone strength. Physical activity also might afford
additional benefits for adults aged > or = 50 years by increasing
coordination and balance, preventing falls, and maintaining independence.
Despite these findings, the prevalence of inactivity increases with age, and
approximately one third of older U.S. adults are not active during their
leisure time. The national health objectives for 2010 include
recommendations to increase the proportion of adults who engage in regular,
preferably daily, moderate physical activity for > or = 30 minutes per day
and vigorous physical activity > or = 3 days per week for > or = 20 minutes
per occasion. To evaluate whether health-care providers ask about physical
activity among older adults, CDC analyzed data from the 1998 National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summar!
izes the results of that analysis, which indicate that approximately half of
older adults who attended a routine check-up during the previous year
reported being asked about physical activity by their health-care providers.
To help older adults make lifestyle changes, health-care providers should
ask older adults during routine check-ups about their physical activity
levels.

Citation <27>
Unique Identifier
12021691
Medline Identifier
22016386
Authors
Ni H. Simile C. Hardy AM.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Center for Disease Control, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD
20782, USA.
Title
Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by United States
adults: results from the 1999 national health interview survey.
Source
Medical Care. 40(4):353-8, 2002 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To measure utilization of complementary and alternative
medicine (CAM) by US adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 1999
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which covers the
noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Information on 12 types of CAM
use in the past 12 months was obtained from 30,801 respondents aged 18 years
and older. Statistical analyses were performed using the SUDAAN software
package to account for the complex sample design of the NHIS. RESULTS: An
estimated 28.9% of US adults used at least one CAM therapy in the past year.
The three most commonly used therapies were spiritual healing or prayer
(13.7%), herbal medicine (9.6%), and chiropractic therapies (7.6%). The use
of CAM was most prevalent among women, persons aged 35 to 54 years, and
persons with an educational attainment of > or =16 years. The overall CAM
use was higher for white non-Hispanic persons (30.8%) than for Hispanic
(19.9%) and black non-Hispanic persons (24.1%). Alth!
ough the use was higher for persons who had health insurance than for those
who did not, the difference was not statistically significant after
adjusting for age, gender and educational attainment. Compared with
nonusers, CAM users were more likely to use conventional medical services.
CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of CAM use in this nationally representative sample
were considerably lower than have been reported in previous surveys. Most
CAM therapies are used by US adults in conjunction with conventional medical
services.

Citation <28>
Unique Identifier
11914081
Medline Identifier
21911672
Authors
Emerson JP. Coulter ED. Cabelli DE. Phillips RS. Kurtz DM Jr.
Institution
Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
Title
Kinetics and mechanism of superoxide reduction by two-iron superoxide
reductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris.
Source
Biochemistry. 41(13):4348-57, 2002 Apr 2.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Superoxide reductases (SORs) contain a novel square pyramidal ferrous
[Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site that rapidly reduces superoxide to hydrogen
peroxide. Here we report extensive pulse radiolysis studies on recombinant
two-iron SOR (2Fe-SOR) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The results support and
elaborate on our originally proposed scheme for reaction of the
[Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site with superoxide [Coulter, E. D., Emerson, J. E.,
Kurtz, D. M., Jr., and Cabelli, D. E. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122,
11555-11556]. This scheme consists of second-order diffusion-controlled
formation of an intermediate absorbing at approximately 600 nm, formulated
as a ferric-(hydro)peroxo species, and its decay to the carboxylate-ligated
ferric [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site with loss of hydrogen peroxide. The
second-order rate constant for formation of the 600-nm intermediate is
essentially pH-independent (pH 5-9.5), shows no D(2)O solvent isotope effect
at pH 7.7, and decreases with increasing ionic strengt!
h. These data indicate that formation of the intermediate does not involve a
rate-determining protonation, and are consistent with interaction of the
incoming superoxide anion with a positive charge at or near the ferrous
[Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site. The rate constant for decay of the 600-nm
intermediate follows the pH-dependent rate law: k(2)(obs) = k(2)'[H(+)] +
k(2)' ' and shows a significant D(2)O solvent isotope effect at pH 7.7. The
values of k(2)' and k(2)' ' indicate that the 600-nm intermediate decays via
diffusion-controlled protonation at acidic pHs and a first-order process
involving either water or a water-exchangeable proton on the protein at
basic pHs. The formation and decay rate constants for an E47A variant of
2Fe-SOR are not significantly perturbed from their wild-type values,
indicating that the conserved glutamate carboxylate does not directly
displace the (hydro)peroxo ligand of the intermediate at basic pHs. The
kinetics of a K48A variant are consistent wit!
h participation of the lysyl side chain in directing the superoxide toward
the active site and in directing the protonation pathway of the
ferric-(hydro)peroxo intermediate toward release of hydrogen peroxide.

Citation <29>
Unique Identifier
11902857
Medline Identifier
21901961
Authors
Preston-Martin S. Kirstein LM. Pogoda JM. Rimer B. Melnick S.
Masri-Lavine L. Silver S. Hessol N. French AL. Feldman J. Sacks HS.
Deely M. Levine AM.
Institution
University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los
Angeles, California 90033-0800, USA. spresto@hsc.usc.edu
Title
Use of mammographic screening by HIV-infected women in the Women's
Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).
Source
Preventive Medicine. 34(3):386-92, 2002 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although HIV-positive women may be less likely than women in
general to receive mammography due to socioeconomic disadvantage, HIV
diagnosis may increase opportunities for medical interactions which
encourage mammography. METHODS: HIV-positive (2,059) and HIV-negative (569)
Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants reported ever/never
history of mammography at baseline (in 1994, 1995) and, at each 6-month
follow-up visit, if they had been screened since their last visit. National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data for 1994 were used to compare WIHS
participants to U.S. women. Factors independently related to mammography
were determined using logistic regression for baseline data and proportional
hazards for follow-up data. Results were adjusted for age. RESULTS: Among
women > or =40, fewer WIHS women, regardless of HIV status, reported
screening than U.S. women (67% HIV-positive, 62% HIV-negative, 79% NHIS; P <
0.0001). First-time screening while on stud!
y was associated with being HIV-positive [rate ratio (95% confidence
interval) = 1.6 (1.1, 2.3)]. Factors independently associated with screening
were related to health care access and usage. CONCLUSIONS: WIHS women, a
disadvantaged population, reported less mammography than the general
population. HIV-positive women reported more screening than HIV-negative
women, possibly because of greater opportunity to interact with the health
care system. (C)2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA).

Citation <30>
Unique Identifier
11902899
Medline Identifier
21901520
Authors
Musgrave KB. Laplaza CE. Holm RH. Hedman B. Hodgson KO.
Institution
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,
USA.
Title
Structural characterization of metallopeptides designed as scaffolds for
the stabilization of nickel(II)-Fe(4)S(4) bridged assemblies by X-ray
absorption spectroscopy.
Source
Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124(12):3083-92, 2002 Mar 27.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
In earlier work, de novo designed peptides with a helix-loop-helix motif
and 63 residues have been synthesized as potential scaffolds for
stabilization of the [Ni(II)-X-Fe(4)S(4)] bridged assembly that is the
spectroscopically deduced structure of the A-Cluster in clostridial carbon
monoxide dehydrogenase. The 63mers contain a consensus tricysteinyl
ferredoxin domain in the loop for binding an Fe(4)S(4) cluster and Cys and
His residues proximate to the loop for binding Ni(II), with one Cys residue
designed as the bridge X. The metallopeptides HC(4)H(2)-[Fe(4)S(4)]-Ni and
HC(5)H-[Fe(4)S(4)]-M, containing three His and one Cys residue for Ni(II)
coordination and two His and two Cys residues for binding M = Ni(II) and
Co(II), have been examined by Fe-, Ni-, and Co-K edge spectroscopy and
EXAFS. All peptides bind an [Fe(4)S(4)](2+) cubane-type cluster.
Interpretation of the Ni and Co data is complicated by the presence of a
minority population of six-coordinate species with low !
Z ligands, designated for simplicity as [M(OH(2))(6)](2+). Best fits of the
data were obtained with ca. 20% [M(OH(2))(6)](2+) and ca. 80% M(II) with
mixed N/S coordination. The collective XAS results for
HC(4)H(2)-[Fe(4)S(4)]-Ni and HC(5)H-[Fe(4)S(4)]-M demonstrate the presence
of an Fe(4)S(4) cluster and support the existence of the distorted
square-planar coordination units [Ni(II)(S.Cys)(N.His)(3)] and
[Ni(II)(S.Cys)(2)(N.His)(2)] in the HC(4)H(2) and HC(5)H metallopeptides,
respectively. In the HC(5)H metallopeptide, tetrahedral
[Co(II)(S.Cys)(2)(N.His)(2)] is present. We conclude that the designed
scaffolded binding sites, including Ni-(mu(2)-S.Cys)-Fe bridges, have been
achieved. This is the first XAS study of a de novo designed metallopeptide
intended to stabilize a bridged biological assembly, and one of a few XAS
analyses of metal derivatives of designed peptides. The scaffolding concept
should be extendable to other bridged metal assemblies.

Citation <31>
Unique Identifier
11897171
Medline Identifier
21895151
Authors
Gilpin EA. Pierce JP.
Institution
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0645, USA.
Title
Demographic differences in patterns in the incidence of smoking cessation:
United States 1950-1990.
Source
Annals of Epidemiology. 12(3):141-50, 2002 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
PURPOSE: Current measures of successful quitting are insensitive to
changes induced by tobacco control activities. We evaluated whether changes
in the incidence of successful quitting, a new measure of cessation, can
inform policy makers how population subgroups responded. METHODS: Smokers
from National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) (1965 through 1992, n =
140,199) were used to determine the number of current smokers eligible to
quit at the beginning of each year from 1950 through 1990. Incidence of
quitting, computed for different demographic subgroups, was the ratio of
those newly successfully quit each year to those eligible to quit. RESULTS:
Overall, incidence increased over fivefold, from < 1% in 1950 to a still low
5% in 1990. When the health risks of smoking were first disseminated,
middle-aged men had the highest quitting incidence. Gender differences in
younger smokers occurred following the beginning of the public health
campaign of the mid 1960s, as the dangers !
of smoking to the fetus were documented. Younger adult smokers appeared to
increase quitting markedly in the 1970s, around the beginning of the
nonsmokers' rights movement. Quitting patterns in middle-aged African
Americans were similar to whites, although at much reduced levels. Younger
African Americans had low quitting incidence until 1989. Incidence differed
by educational attainment; regardless of age, during the 1970s and 1980s,
those with some college increased their quitting incidence markedly.
CONCLUSION: Incidence of quitting is a sensitive indicator of relatively
short-term changes in successful quitting in population subgroups and should
facilitate evaluation efforts.

Citation <32>
Unique Identifier
11864797
Medline Identifier
21853407
Authors
Ward MM. Javitz HS. Smith WM. Whan MA.
Institution
Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, 2726
Steindler Bldg., Iowa City, IA 52242-1008, USA. marcia-m-ward@uiowa.edu
Title
Lost income and work limitations in persons with chronic respiratory
disorders.
Source
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 55(3):260-8, 2002 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are prevalent, disabling, and rank fifth in
terms of cost of illness among major disease groups; however, the degree of
work loss and lost income is largely unknown. Lost wages in adults with
chronic respiratory conditions were calculated from the Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP). The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
was used to estimate work loss and limitations in specific chronic
respiratory conditions, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic
bronchitis, and emphysema. The SIPP indicated that adults with chronic
respiratory conditions average $3,143 annual earnings loss ($5,272 for those
between the ages of 25 and 64 and $1,267 for those over age 65). The NHIS
indicated that 19.9% of persons with chronic respiratory conditions report
being unable to work. Comparisons across respiratory diseases are made.

Citation <33>
Unique Identifier
11888421
Medline Identifier
21885658
Authors
Silver EJ. Stein RE.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's
Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. ejsilver@aecom.yu.edu
Title
Access to care, unmet health needs, and poverty status among children with
and without chronic conditions.
Source
Ambulatory Pediatrics. 1(6):314-20, 2001 Nov-Dec.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare insurance coverage, access to care, and unmet
health needs of children with and without chronic conditions in a national
probability sample of the US population and to examine the role of poverty
status in any demonstrated differences between the 2 groups. DESIGN: We
analyzed parent-report data on children 0-17 years old from the 1994
National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplement (NHIS-D) and from the
health insurance and access to care files of the 1994 Family Resources
Supplement to the NHIS. In the NHIS-D, 4452 (14.8%) of the 30032 children
were identified as having a chronic condition by a noncategorical method. We
compared insurance coverage, access to care, and unmet needs of children
with and without conditions overall and also compared them within 3
different income levels relative to the national poverty index: 1) below, 2)
within 100%-200%, and 3) >200% above poverty level. RESULTS: In bivariate
analyses, children with chronic condit!
ions were more likely to be covered by some type of health insurance (odds
ratio [OR], 1.3) and to have a usual provider both for medical ("sick") care
(OR, 1.4) and for routine or preventive care (OR, 1.4). They also were more
likely to have the same provider for medical care and routine or preventive
care (OR, 1.2) and to have seen their health care provider in the last year
(OR, 1.8) than children without chronic conditions (all P <.0001).
Nonetheless, children with chronic conditions were twice as likely to have
had at least 1 unmet need from a list of 4 services that included dental
care, prescription medications, eyeglasses, and mental health services (OR,
2.0). They also were more likely to have more than 1 unmet need from the
list (OR, 3.1), to have been unable to get needed medical care (OR, 3.1),
and to have delayed obtaining medical care because of worry about its cost
(OR, 1.8). Children with chronic conditions were at greater risk for unmet
needs than were childre!
n without conditions across all income levels. The magnitude of the
disparity between the groups increased with family income level. Differences
persisted even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and
insurance status. CONCLUSION: Despite higher levels of insurance coverage
and greater access to regular providers of medical and routine care compared
with healthy peers, children with chronic conditions are reported by their
parents to be less likely than other children to receive the full range of
needed health services. The magnitudes of the differences are small, yet the
pattern of disadvantage in meeting health care needs among children with
conditions compared with healthy peers is consistent across many different
variables and it exists across income levels.

Citation <34>
Unique Identifier
11879283
Medline Identifier
21869135
Authors
Yu ES. Kim KK. Chen EH. Brintnall RA.
Institution
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San
Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. Echen@UIC.edu
Title
Breast and cervical cancer screening among Chinese American women.
Source
Cancer Practice. 9(2):81-91, 2001 Mar-Apr.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe breast and cervical
cancer screening knowledge and practices of a representative sample of
Chinese American women and to examine the factors associated with screening
practices. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A random sample of 332 Chinese American
women, 40 to 69 years of age, from the Chinatown area of Chicago, Illinois,
were interviewed face to face, using both Chinese Mandarin (or Putunghua)
and Cantonese versions of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer
Control Supplement Questionnaire. Knowledge and use of mammogram, clinical
breast examination (CBE), breast self-examination (BSE), and Pap smear test
were assessed. RESULTS: The results showed a low level of knowledge of
cancer screening tests and low use rates. Multiple logistics regression
analysis showed that women with spoken English fluency were more likely to
have knowledge and use of CBE, BSE, Pap test, and mammograms. Women with
better than an elementary edu!
cation were more likely to have knowledge and use of CBE, BSE, and Pap test.
The source of medical care was statistically significant for having had a
mammogram. Knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms was significant
for knowledge of mammogram and BSE and for the use of BSE. CLINICAL
IMPLICATIONS: Multiple strategies are needed. These might include the
following: 1) integration of research with population-based care by
physicians and scientists; 2) coordinated public health education on cancer
screening and postscreening support in Chinese languages; and 3) replication
of the NHIS survey methodology and adaptive application of these instruments
across several states and regions, combined with the assessment of screening
performance in Chinese American populations.

Citation <35>
Unique Identifier
11572490
Medline Identifier
21456167
Authors
Schultz ST. Shenkin JD. Horowitz AM.
Institution
NIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Title
Parental perceptions of unmet dental need and cost barriers to care for
developmentally disabled children.
Source
Pediatric Dentistry. 23(4):321-5, 2001 Jul-Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to describe and assess the
disparities, if any, in parental perceived cost barriers to oral health care
among developmentally disabled children using a national data set. METHODS:
Data from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed
using a SUDAAN statistical package. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and
sex, parental perception of unmet need was significantly associated with
developmentally disabled children 2-17 years in lower socioeconomic groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Though most children from lower socioeconomic groups are
eligible for Medicaid coverage, parents of these children perceive cost
barriers to dental care. Children with developmental disabilities face even
more perceived barriers to care based on family income.

Citation <36>
Unique Identifier
11477958
Medline Identifier
21371259
Authors
Iezzoni LI. McCarthy EP. Davis RB. Harris-David L. O'Day B.
Institution
Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Charles A.
Dana Research Institute, Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Boston, Mass., USA.
liezzoni@caregroup.harvard.edu
Title
Use of screening and preventive services among women with disabilities.
Source
American Journal of Medical Quality. 16(4):135-44, 2001 Jul-Aug.
Abstract
Roughly 54 million Americans have some disability; at older ages, women
are more likely to be disabled than men. Many people with disabilities today
live virtually normal life spans, and therefore routine screening and
preventive services are essential to their overall quality of care. We used
the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), with Disability,
Family Resources, and Healthy People 2000 supplements, to examine screening
and preventive service use for adult women with disabilities living in the
community--about 18.4% of women (estimated 18.28 million). Disability was
associated with higher age-adjusted rates of: poverty; living alone; low
education; inability to work; obesity; and being frequently depressed or
anxious. Disabled women generally reported screening and preventive services
at rates comparable to all women. Women with major lower extremity mobility
difficulties had much lower adjusted odds of Papanicolaou smears (odds
ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence !
interval, 0.4-0.9), mammograms (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval,
0.5-0.9), and smoking queries (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval,
0.5-0.8). Various approaches exist to improve access for disabled women to
health care services.

Citation <37>
Unique Identifier
11876188
Medline Identifier
21863395
Authors
Becker DM. Tuggle MB. Prentice MF.
Institution
Center for Health Promotion at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, USA. dbecker@mail.jhmi.edu
Title
Building a gateway to promote cardiovascular health research in African
American communities: lessons and findings from the field.[republished from
Am J Med Sci. 2001 Nov;322(5):288-93; PMID: 11721804].
Source
American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 322(5):276-81, 2001 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
African American communities traditionally mistrust academic research.
This forms a significant barrier to understanding cardiovascular risk
factors in this population, which bears an excess risk of cardiovascular
disease and stroke. A clergy/academic partnership was established to build a
gateway for salient research and for improving resources for reducing
cardiovascular disease risk in the community. From this partnership emanated
the African American Family Heart Study. People with a family history of
premature coronary heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk for the
disease--as high as 12 times that of the general population, if among
siblings. Considerably less is known about the actual remediable risk
factors in African American families with premature CHD. We initiated the
Family Heart Study with a full characterization of 161 apparently healthy,
unaffected 30- to 59-year-old African Americans whose siblings were 85
African American index cases with documented pre!
mature CHD prior to 60 years of age. We compared their risk factor values to
population reference norms obtained in the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS) for cigarette smoking. Only 13% of African American male
siblings and 14% of female siblings from these families were without any
major remediable risk factors. The fact that so many siblings were at
extremely high risk calls into question the current applications by provider
systems of national guidelines in high-risk African American families. This
is an easily identifiable population that would be likely to benefit greatly
from targeted screening and culturally sensitive and appropriate treatment.

Citation <38>
Unique Identifier
11808927
Medline Identifier
21667045
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
HIV testing among racial/ethnic minorities--United States, 1999.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 50(47):1054-8, 2001 Nov 30.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) in the United States disproportionately affect racial/ethnic
minority populations, particularly blacks and Hispanics. Of the 774,467 AIDS
cases reported to CDC during June 1981-December 2000, blacks and Hispanics
accounted for 56% of cases, although they represented 25% of the U.S.
population during this period. In 2000, the incidence of adult and
adolescent AIDS cases per 100,000 population was 74.2 for blacks, 30.4 for
Hispanics, and 7.9 for whites. HIV counseling and testing services
potentially can reduce the risk for infection with HIV and provide referrals
to HIV-infected persons for medical care. An estimated 300,000 HIV-infected
persons in the United States may be unaware of their HIV serostatus. In
2001, CDC introduced the Serostatus Approach to Fighting the Epidemic
(SAFE), which focuses on increasing the number of high-risk and infected
persons who know their serostatus and !
helps infected persons receive and maintain appropriate medical care and
reduce their risk for transmitting infection. CDC analyzed data from the
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to determine the rate at which
racial/ethnic minorities are getting tested for HIV. This report describes
the result of the analysis, which indicates that minority populations are
being tested for HIV infection at a high rate; however, a substantial number
of persons at risk for HIV have not been tested. Prevention programs should
continue to develop innovative methods for counseling and testing at-risk
persons.

Citation <39>
Unique Identifier
11746078
Medline Identifier
21612874
Authors
Ryu H. Young WB. Park C.
Institution
College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Title
Korean American health insurance and health services utilization.
Source
Research in Nursing & Health. 24(6):494-505, 2001 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
The purpose of this ethnic group study was to describe the unique pattern
of Korean Americans, as compared with the aggregate of Asian Americans, for:
(a) the predisposing, enabling, and need factors for health service
utilization, focusing specifically on the role of health insurance coverage;
and (b) predictors of health insurance coverage. Using the behavioral model
for health service utilization, data were selected from the 1992 National
Health Insurance Survey (NHIS, 1994) for Korean Americans (n = 345) and
Asian Americans (n = 3,059). Results differed between the Korean American
group and the Asian American group. Health insurance coverage was the
strongest predictor of Korean American utilization, and need factors lacked
significance, suggesting that uninsured Korean Americans have less access
regardless of need. For the aggregate Asian American group, need factors
tempered the influence of health insurance on utilization. Results of this
type of study may be helpful !
for designing and implementing health care services tailored for specific
ethnic at-risk markets. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Citation <40>
Unique Identifier
11721804
Medline Identifier
21578413
Authors
Becker DM. Tuggle MB. Prentice MF.
Institution
Center for Health Promotion at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205, USA. dbecker@mail.jhmi.edu
Title
Building a gateway to promote cardiovascular health research in
African-American communities: lessons and findings from the
field.[republished in Am J Med Sci. 2001 Nov;322(5):276-81; PMID: 11876188].
Source
American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 322(5):288-93, 2001 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
African American communities traditionally mistrust academic research.
This forms a significant barrier to understanding cardiovascular risk
factors in this population, which bears an excess risk of cardiovascular
disease and stroke. A clergy/academic partnership was established to build a
gateway for salient research and for improving resources for reducing
cardiovascular disease risk in the community. From this partnership emanated
the African American Family Heart Study. People with a family history of
premature coronary heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk for the
disease--as high as 12 times that of the general population, if among
siblings. Considerably less is known about the actual remediable risk
factors in African American families with premature CHD. We initiated the
Family Heart Study with a full characterization of 161 apparently healthy,
unaffected 30- to 59-year-old African Americans whose siblings were 85
African American index cases with documented pre!
mature CHD prior to 60 years of age. We compared their risk factor values to
population reference norms obtained in the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS) for cigarette smoking. Only 13% of African American male
siblings and 14% of female siblings from these families were without any
major remediable risk factors. The fact that so many siblings were at
extremely high risk calls into question the current applications by provider
systems of national guidelines in high-risk African American families. This
is an easily identifiable population that would be likely to benefit greatly
from targeted screening and culturally sensitive and appropriate treatment.

Citation <41>
Unique Identifier
11708593
Medline Identifier
21564915
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Hospital discharge rates for nontraumatic lower extremity amputation by
diabetes status--United States, 1997.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 50(43):954-8, 2001 Nov 2.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Lower extremity amputation (LEA) is a costly and disabling procedure that
disproportionately affects persons with diabetes. One of the national health
objectives for 2000 was to reduce the LEA rate from a 1991 baseline of
approximately eight per 1,000 persons with diabetes to a target of
approximately five per 1,000 persons with diabetes. Review of 1996 data
indicated an LEA rate of approximately 11. To estimate the national rates of
hospital discharges for LEA among persons with and without diabetes and to
assess the excess risk for LEA among persons with diabetes, CDC and the
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) analyzed data from the
1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the 1997 National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summarizes the findings of the
analysis, which indicated that the age-adjusted rates of hospital discharges
among persons with LEA who had diabetes were 28 times that of those without
diabetes. This higher rate underscores the!
need to increase efforts to prevent risk factors (e.g., peripheral vascular
disease, neuropathy, and infection) that result in LEA among persons with
diabetes.

Citation <42>
Unique Identifier
11708592
Medline Identifier
21564914
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Major cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 1997-1999 and major CVD hospital
discharge rates in 1997 among women with diabetes--United States.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 50(43):948-54, 2001 Nov 2.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among all women
and the risk for death from CVD among women with diabetes is two to four
times higher than that for women without diabetes. The excess risk for death
as the result of CVD among persons with diabetes is better understood than
the excess risk for CVD morbidity. To estimate national CVD prevalence and
CVD hospital use among women with diabetes, CDC and the Agency for Health
Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) analyzed data from the 1997-1999 National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample
(NIS). Findings indicate that the age-adjusted prevalence of major CVD for
women with diabetes is twice that for women without diabetes and that the
age-adjusted major CVD hospital discharge rate for women with diabetes is
almost four times the rate for women without diabetes. These findings
underscore the need to reduce risk factors associated with CVD among all
women with diabetes through!
focused public health and clinical efforts.

Citation <43>
Unique Identifier
11682598
Medline Identifier
21539040
Authors
Allen SM. Foster A. Berg K.
Institution
Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. Susan_Allen@Brown.edu
Title
Receiving help at home: the interplay of human and technological
assistance.
Source
Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences.
56(6):S374-82, 2001 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This research investigated use of mobility equipment as a
substitute for human assistance and also examined whether use of mobility
equipment results in out-of-pocket cost savings associated with formal home
care services. METHODS: The authors analyzed data collected from 9,230
respondents to the Adult Followback Survey of the Disability Supplement to
the 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-D) who reported
both mobility and limitations in daily living activities to test study
hypotheses, using regression analyses to control for selection effects in
mobility equipment use. RESULTS: Use of canes and crutches (but not walkers
and wheelchairs) reduced both formal and informal hours of care received per
week by sample members; there was also evidence of substitution on the
individual activities of daily living task level. Use of canes and crutches
was also associated with lower out-of-pocket costs for formal helping
services. DISCUSSION: Findings sugg!
est that canes and crutches are effective and efficient home care resources
that have the potential to increase the autonomy of adults with disabilities
and to facilitate chronic condition self-management.

Citation <44>
Unique Identifier
11666113
Medline Identifier
21522210
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 1999.[erratum appears in
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001 Nov 30;50(47):1066].
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 50(40):869-73, 2001 Oct 12.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce the prevalence
of cigarette smoking among adults from 24% in 1998 to < or = 12% (objective
27.1a). To assess progress toward this objective, CDC analyzed self-reported
data from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) about cigarette
smoking among U.S. adults. This report summarizes the findings of this
analysis, which indicate that, in 1999, approximately 23.5% of adults were
current smokers, representing a modest decline in prevalence since 1993. If
states were to invest resources consistent with CDC recommendations and
implement proven interventions, the decline in cigarette smoking could be
accelerated.

Citation <45>
Unique Identifier
11522812
Medline Identifier
21414030
Authors
Lima JC. Allen SM.
Institution
Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI
02812, USA.
Title
Targeting risk for unmet need: not enough help versus no help at all.
Source
Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences.
56(5):S302-10, 2001 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined factors associated with unmet need for
care among persons aged 18 and older who need help with daily living tasks.
The analysis focused on two types of unmet need: not enough (or inadequate)
help and no help at all. METHODS: The authors used multinomial logistic
regression to examine differences between persons with long-term care needs
who (a) had all their needs met; (b) received inadequate help; and (c)
received no help at all. Data were from the Adult Followback to the National
Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS-D) for 1994 and 1995. RESULTS:
The determinants of inadequate care versus no care differed with respect to
age, gender, level of impairment, and insurance status. Whereas age and
gender were important in determining inadequate care, insurance coverage and
availability of social support were key factors related to a situation of no
care. DISCUSSION: The present study demonstrates that the characteristics of
groups reporting!
inadequate care versus no care, and the factors associated with these
situations, are quite different. Nevertheless, the most important
demographic risk factors for both types of unmet need mirror demographic
groups currently on the increase in the U.S. population.

Citation <46>
Unique Identifier
11465902
Medline Identifier
21358455
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Prevalence of arthritis--United States, 1997.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 50(17):334-6, 2001 May 4.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (i.e., arthritis) are among the
most prevalent diseases in the United States (1) and the most frequent cause
of disability (2). In 1985, an estimated 35 million persons were affected by
arthritis (3); in 1990 (1), a study using a broader arthritis definition
estimated that 38 million were affected. To better characterize these
conditions, CDC analyzed a variety of data for 1997 using common definitions
from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical
Modification (ICD-9-CM). The findings of one such analysis in the National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) indicated that, in 1997, the prevalence of
persons with arthritis had increased by approximately 750,000 per year since
1990. Findings also support earlier projections that by 2020, 60 million
persons may be affected by arthritis and that the activities of 11.6 million
persons may be limited by arthritis (1). More widespread implementation of
existing interv!
entions may reduce the occurrence and progression of arthritis.

Citation <47>
Unique Identifier
11408960
Medline Identifier
21284429
Authors
Larson SA. Lakin KC. Anderson L. Kwak N. Lee JH. Anderson D.
Institution
Research and Training Center on Community Living, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis 55455, USA. larso072@umn.edu
Title
Prevalence of mental retardation and developmental disabilities: estimates
from the 1994/1995 National Health Interview Survey Disability Supplements.
Source
American Journal of Mental Retardation. 106(3):231-52, 2001 May.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
In 1994 and 1995, the National Health Interview Survey included a
Disability Supplement (NHIS-D) to collect extensive information about
disabilities among individuals sampled as part of annual census-based
household interview surveys. Here we describe the development and
application of operational definitions of mental retardation and
developmental disabilities to items in the NHIS-D to estimate prevalence. In
our analyses, we estimate the prevalence of mental retardation in the
noninstitutionalized population of the United States to be 7.8 people per
thousand (.78%); of developmental disabilities, 11.3 people per thousand
(1.13%); and the combined prevalence of mental retardation and/or
developmental disabilities to be 14.9 per thousand (1.49%). Differences in
prevalence estimates for mental retardation and developmental disabilities
and among people of various ages are explored.

Citation <48>
Unique Identifier
11331128
Medline Identifier
21229600
Authors
Bartlett DL. Ezzati-Rice TM. Stokley S. Zhao Z.
Institution
National Immunization Program (Bartlett, Stokley, Zhao), Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Title
Comparison of NIS and NHIS/NIPRCS vaccination coverage estimates. National
Immunization Survey. National Health Interview Survey/National Immunization
Provider Record Check Study.
Source
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 20(4 Suppl):25-7, 2001 May.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The National Immunization Survey (NIS) and the National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS) produce national coverage estimates for children
aged 19 months to 35 months. The NIS is a cost-effective,
random-digit-dialing telephone survey that produces national and state-level
vaccination coverage estimates. The National Immunization Provider Record
Check Study (NIPRCS) is conducted in conjunction with the annual NHIS, which
is a face-to-face household survey. As the NIS is a telephone survey,
potential coverage bias exists as the survey excludes children living in
nontelephone households. METHODS: To assess the validity of estimates of
vaccine coverage from the NIS, we compared 1995 and 1996 NIS national
estimates with results from the NHIS/NIPRCS for the same years. RESULTS:
Both the NIS and the NHIS/NIPRCS produce similar results. CONCLUSION: The
NHIS/NIPRCS supports the findings of the NIS.

Citation <49>
Unique Identifier
11318924
Medline Identifier
21219064
Authors
Iezzoni LI. McCarthy EP. Davis RB. Siebens H.
Institution
Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline
Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA. liezzoni@caregroup.harvard.edu
Title
Mobility difficulties are not only a problem of old age.
Source
Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16(4):235-43, 2001 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lower extremity mobility difficulties often result from common
medical conditions and can disrupt both physical and emotional well-being.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the national prevalence of mobility difficulties among
noninstitutionalized adults and to examine associations with demographic
characteristics and other physical and mental health problems. DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey using the 1994-1995 National Health Interview
Survey-Disability Supplement (NHIS-D). We constructed measures of minor,
moderate, and major lower extremity mobility difficulties using questions
about ability to walk, climb stairs, and stand, and use of mobility aids
(e.g., canes, wheelchairs). Age and gender adjustment used direct
standardization methods in Software for the Statistical Analysis of
Correlated Data (SUDAAN). PARTICIPANTS: Noninstitutionalized, civilian U.S.
residents aged 18 years and older. National Health Interview Survey sampling
weights with SUDAAN provided nationally re!
presentative population estimates. RESULTS: An estimated 19 million people
(10.1%) reported some mobility difficulty. The mean age of those with minor,
moderate, or major difficulty ranged from 59 to 67 years. Of those reporting
major difficulties, 32% said their problems began at aged 50 years or
younger. Adjusted problem rates were higher among women (11.8%) than men
(8.8%), and higher among African American (15.0%) than whites (10.0%).
Persons with mobility difficulties were more likely to be poorly educated,
living alone, impoverished, obese, and having problems conducting daily
activities. Among persons with major mobility difficulties, 30.6% reported
being frequently depressed or anxious, compared to 3.8% for persons without
mobility difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Reports of mobility difficulties are
common, including among middle-aged adults. Associations with poor
performance of daily activities, depression, anxiety, and poverty highlight
the need for comprehensive care fo!
r persons with mobility problems.

Citation <50>
Unique Identifier
11314701
Medline Identifier
21202841
Authors
Carlson BL. Eden J. O'Connor D. Regan J.
Institution
Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Title
Primary care of patients without insurance by community health centers.
Source
Journal of Ambulatory Care Management. 24(2):47-59, 2001 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Community health centers (CHCs) are in a strong position to meaningfully
contribute to health promotion, early detection, and improvement in health
care outcomes for some of the most vulnerable person in the nation, since
almost one in three users of federally funded CHCs was uninsured in 1994.
The purpose of this article is to compare uninsured CHC users with uninsured
people nationwide. Data for the analysis came primarily from two
population-based surveys: the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
and the 1995 Community Health Center (CHC) User Survey.

Citation <51>
Unique Identifier
11270212
Medline Identifier
21170542
Authors
Olney MF. Kennedy J.
Institution
Department of Community, Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,
College of Applied Life Studies, 1206 S. Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820,
USA.
Title
National estimates of vocational service utilization and job placement
rates for adults with mental retardation.
Source
Mental Retardation. 39(1):32-9, 2001 Feb.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Data from the 1994 and 1995 Disability Supplements of the National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to estimate rates of utilization of
vocational services and examine employment outcomes for adults with
disabilities who have received vocational services. Those living outside the
formal long-term care system, and who were self or proxy identified as
having mental retardation, were compared with other adults with
disabilities. Analyses suggest that compared to other working-age persons
with disabilities, adults with mental retardation (a) have a different
population profile, (b) receive different types of services, (c) experience
similar levels of satisfaction, (d) have much lower rates of competitive
employment, and (e) are much more likely to be employed in segregated work
settings. Research and policy implications of findings are discussed.

Citation <52>
Unique Identifier
11236402
Medline Identifier
21132321
Authors
Lochner K. Pamuk E. Makuc D. Kennedy BP. Kawachi I.
Institution
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard Center for Society and
Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA
02115, USA.
Title
State-level income inequality and individual mortality risk: a
prospective, multilevel study.[comment].
Comments
Comment in: Am J Public Health. 2001 Mar;91(3):351-3; PMID: 11236394
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 91(3):385-91, 2001 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have linked state-level income inequality to
mortality rates. However, it has been questioned whether the relationship is
independent of individual-level income. The present study tests whether
state-level income inequality is related to individual mortality risk, after
adjustment for individual-level characteristics. METHODS: In this
prospective, multilevel study design, the vital status of National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS) respondents was ascertained by linkage to the
National Death Index, with additional linkage of state-level data to
individuals in the NHIS. The analysis included data for 546,888 persons,
with 19,379 deaths over the 8-year follow-up period. The Gini coefficient
was used as the measure of income inequality. RESULTS: Individuals living in
high-income-inequality states were at increased risk of mortality (relative
risk = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 1.19) compared with individuals
living in low-income-inequality s!
tates. In stratified analyses, significant effects of state income
inequality on mortality risk were found, primarily for near-poor Whites.
CONCLUSIONS: State-level income inequality appears to exert a contextual
effect on mortality risk, after income is adjusted for, providing further
evidence that the distribution of income is important for health.

Citation <53>
Unique Identifier
11164116
Medline Identifier
21036663
Authors
Freeman VL. Liao Y. Durazo-Arvizu R. Cooper RS.
Institution
Midwest Center for Health Services and Policy Research, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines, Jr. Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
Title
Height and risk of fatal prostate cancer: findings from the National
Health Interview Survey (1986 to 1994).
Source
Annals of Epidemiology. 11(1):22-7, 2001 Jan.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
PURPOSE: Height is determined by genetic and nutritional factors mediated
through the endocrine system early in life and, thus, may be related to
subsequent risk of fatal prostate cancer. This hypothesis was examined in a
large representative U.S. national sample. METHODS: Data from the National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to determine whether height was
prospectively related to the risk of fatal prostate cancer in 110,042 men
age > or = 50 years old interviewed between 1986 and 1994. Height was
self-reported and vital status and causes of death ascertained using the
National Death Index. Endpoints were deaths that listed prostate cancer as
the underlying cause and deaths with any mention of prostate cancer.
Relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated
using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race, weight, and
education. RESULTS: Six hundred and thirty-three deaths listing of prostate
cancer as the underlying cau!
se and 910 deaths with any mention of prostate cancer were identified.
Height was associated neither with risk of death with prostate cancer listed
as the underlying cause nor with risk of death with any mention of prostate
cancer (multivariate p for trend = 0.1318 and 0.0698, respectively). Risks
were marginally greater among the tallest men compared to the shortest (< or
= 171.4 vs. > or = 182.9 cm), but not significantly (RR = 1.21, 95% CI =
0.92 to 1.57, and RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.58 for 'underlying cause'
and 'any mention', respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Height alone was not related
to risk of fatal prostate cancer in this population.

Citation <54>
Unique Identifier
11164115
Medline Identifier
21036662
Authors
Fisher MA. Eklund SA. James SA. Lin X.
Institution
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia
University, Morgantown, USA.
Title
Adverse events associated with hepatitis B vaccine in U.S. children less
than six years of age, 1993 and 1994.
Source
Annals of Epidemiology. 11(1):13-21, 2001 Jan.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study evaluated infrequent adverse reactions to hepatitis B
vaccine by investigating the association of this vaccine with adverse health
outcomes for U.S. children less than six years of age. The evaluation of the
association between hepatitis B vaccine and chronic arthritis provides
needed data, relevant to the Institute of Medicine's Report that there are
inadequate data available to assess the causal relationship of hepatitis B
vaccine to arthritis risk. METHODS: The 1993 (n = 5505 children) and 1994 (n
= 6515 children) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets were
analyzed to provide post-marketing surveillance data from probability
samples of the U.S. population. Incident cases of adverse events were
determined from the temporal association between the hepatitis B vaccination
and the adverse events. Logistic regression modeling was used to adjust for
potential confounding. RESULTS: Controlling for age, race, and gender
simultaneously in the 1994 NH!
IS, hepatitis B vaccine was found to be associated with prevalent arthritis
[odds ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-33.14],
incident acute ear infections (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00-2.58), and incident
pharyngitis/nasopharyngitis (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.95-2.09). CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence from this study suggests that hepatitis B vaccine is positively
associated with adverse health outcomes in the general population of US
children.

Citation <55>
Unique Identifier
11134440
Medline Identifier
20577612
Authors
Stokley S. Rodewald LE. Maes EF.
Institution
National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevent