NHIS Citation 3

Surveillance of Mortality and Morbidity in U.S. Workers

National Health Interview Survey
Citations 3 (401-592)

Citations: 401-592

Citation <1>
Unique Identifier
1475746
Medline Identifier
93117970
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Cigarette smoking among U.S. adults, 1985-1990, and smoking among selected
occupational groups, 1990.
Source
Statistical Bulletin - Metropolitan Insurance Companies. 73(4):12-9, 1992
Oct-Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Cigarette smoking rates among U.S. adults continue declining, and in 1990
dropped to an all-time low of an estimated 28 percent for men and 23 percent
for women. Analysis of data from the 1990 and 1985 Health Promotion and
Disease Prevention supplemental questionnaires to the National Health
Interview Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS), indicate decreases in smoking rates in the majority of selected
demographic categories. Between survey years, the only groups in which the
rates rose were men aged 18-24, women aged 65 and over, persons with less
than 12 years of schooling and adults of Hispanic origin. Increased smoking
cessation efforts should be tailored to and directed at these "at risk"
groups. By occupational category, close to 40 percent of men employed as
handlers/laborers or transportation/material movers were current smokers
versus 17 and 21 percent, respectively, of professionals and executives.
Similar to the men, the lowest curre!
nt smoking rates were among women professionals, technical persons and
executives. For both sexes, income was generally inversely related to
current smoking status.

Citation <2>
Unique Identifier
1519153
Medline Identifier
92390823
Authors
Hardy AM. Biddlecom AE.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
Title
AIDS: a comparison of knowledge and attitudes among black, Hispanic and
white Americans, 1990.
Source
Statistical Bulletin - Metropolitan Insurance Companies. 73(2):10-7, 1992
Apr-Jun.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Increasing awareness about AIDS is an important step toward the prevention
of this disease. The AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Survey of the National
Health Interview Survey shows that more than 80 percent of U.S. adults are
familiar with the major modes of AIDS transmission. Despite this, up to
one-third still believe that AIDS can be spread by various forms of casual
contact. In the three racial/ethnic groups studied, the less educated were
less knowledgeable. Further, black and Hispanic adults lagged somewhat
behind white adults in certain important aspects of AIDS knowledge. About
one-fourth of white, black and Hispanic adults have had the HIV antibody
test. While reasons for testing differed, most of the adults were tested in
health care sites. Educational counseling that should accompany HIV testing
is provided to less than half of those tested. Identifying gaps in knowledge
can help to more effectively target AIDS educational efforts.

Citation <3>
Unique Identifier
1512745
Medline Identifier
92381691
Authors
Aday LA. Forthofer RN.
Institution
School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center,
Houston 77225.
Title
A profile of black and Hispanic subgroups' access to dental care: findings
from the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 52(4):210-5, 1992 Summer.
Abstract
This study examined which black and Hispanic minority subgroups were least
likely to obtain dental care and why, based on logistic regression analyses
of the 1986 National Health Interview Survey. Blacks and Hispanics were less
apt to have private dental insurance coverage, to be knowledgeable about the
purpose of fluoride, to have been to a dentist in the past year, and, when
they did go, were more apt to have gone in response to symptoms rather than
for preventive reasons, compared to whites. Logistic regression analyses for
adults 18 years of age and older and for children and adolescents 2 to 17
years of age showed that the following individuals had the lowest
probability of having been to a dentist in the past year: males, members of
larger families, adults who were unemployed or in blue-collar jobs, those
who lived in the South or nonmetropolitan areas, people who perceived their
health to be fair or poor, and those with no private dental insurance.
Mexican-Americans w!
ere least likely to have been to a dentist regardless of their income or
education. In general, the findings confirmed the importance of dental
insurance, as well as suggesting a need for more school-based dental
programs and public health clinic-based dental health education and outreach
efforts for targeting minority children and adults.

Citation <4>
Unique Identifier
10123485
Medline Identifier
93142616
Authors
Hardy AM.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics.
Title
AIDS knowledge and attitudes for January-March 1991. Provisional data from
the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Advance Data. (216):1-15, 1992 Aug 21.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <5>
Unique Identifier
1471337
Medline Identifier
93110855
Authors
Adams PF. Benson V.
Institution
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, Maryland.
Title
Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1991.
Source
Vital & Health Statistics - Series 10: Data From the National Health
Survey. (184):1-232, 1992 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <6>
Unique Identifier
1463035
Medline Identifier
93098276
Authors
Sharkness CM. Hamburger S. Kaczmarek RG. Hamilton PM. Bright RA.
Moore RM Jr.
Institution
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug
Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857.
Title
Racial differences in the prevalence of intraocular lens implants in the
United States.
Source
American Journal of Ophthalmology. 114(6):667-74, 1992 Dec 15.
Local Messages
Title Available at Ophthalmology Library
Abstract
We generated population-based estimates of the prevalence of intraocular
lens implants by using the 1988 Medical Device Implant Supplement to the
National Health Interview Survey. This national survey of a probability
sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized United States population
comprised 47,485 households and 122,310 persons. To produce national
projections, we used survey respondent-reported data based on 1,941 reported
intraocular lenses in 1,337 persons. Projected to the United States
population, an estimated 2.6 million people had a total of 3.8 million lens
implants. The predominant reason for the implant was cataract. The
intraocular lens replacement rate was 0.9%. The use of intraocular lens
implants was statistically significantly different from the general
population in persons with the following socioeconomic characteristics: age
(65 years or older), race (white), gender (female), annual family income
(less than $20,000, although more commonly at or above t!
he poverty threshold), and education (less than high school). The prevalence
rates per 1,000 persons according to age were as follows: 0.3 for persons 44
years old or younger, 9.9 for persons 45 to 64 years old, 33.3 for persons
aged 65 to 69 years, 63.5 for persons aged 70 to 74 years, and 113.5 for
persons 75 years old or older.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Citation <7>
Unique Identifier
1460172
Medline Identifier
93094448
Authors
Jones DH. Harel Y. Levinson RM.
Institution
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta.
Title
Living arrangements, knowledge of health risks, and stress as determinants
of health-risk behavior among college students.
Source
Journal of American College Health. 41(2):43-8, 1992 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The association of knowledge of health risks, living arrangements, and
perceived stress with health-risk behaviors was examined in a sample of
college students included in the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey. Regressions of each
health-risk behavior (dependent variable) were performed on the predicted
correlates. Although knowledge was not associated with participation in
physical activity or smoking, the study found that students who knew more
about the harmful effects of alcohol drank less, and those with greater
knowledge of health risks practiced fewer risky behaviors. Students living
independently were more likely to smoke, and those living in residence halls
were less like to do so. Drinking, however, was more common among students
living in residence halls or independently than among those living at home.
Hall residents engaged in more group physical activity than other students
did, but their physical activit!
y was unrelated to health-risk behaviors. Stress was associated with smoking
but not with other health practices. The findings suggest that smoking may
be less influenced by health knowledge and more associated than drinking is
with a response to stress. Drinking appears to be a social activity
associated with living among peers and is potentially modifiable by
increased knowledge about the effects of alcohol on health.

Citation <8>
Unique Identifier
1456343
Medline Identifier
93089402
Authors
Gift HC. Reisine ST. Larach DC.
Institution
Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program, National Institute of
Dental Research, Bethesda, Md 20892.
Title
The social impact of dental problems and visits.[erratum appears in Am J
Public Health 1993 Jun;83(6):816].
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 82(12):1663-8, 1992 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this analysis was to assess selected social
consequences of maintaining oral health and treating oral diseases. The
associations among socioeconomic and demographic factors with time lost from
work or school and reductions in normal activities are explored. METHODS.
Data were gathered as part of the 1989 National Health Interview Survey from
50,000 US households (117,000 individuals), representing 240 million
persons. The oral health care supplement was analyzed using the software
SUDAAN to produce standard errors for estimates based on complex multistage
sample designs. RESULTS. Because of dental visits or problems, 148,000 hours
of work were lost per 100,000 workers, 117,000 hours of school were lost per
100,000 school-age children, and 17,000 activity days beyond work and school
time were restricted per 100,000 individuals in 1989. Exploratory analyses
suggest that sociodemographic groups have different patterns of such time
loss and of reduced !
normal activities. CONCLUSIONS. Overall, there is low social impact
individually from dental visits and oral conditions. At the societal level,
however, such problems and treatments among disadvantaged groups appear to
have a greater impact.

Citation <9>
Unique Identifier
1442738
Medline Identifier
93071890
Authors
Weinkam JJ. Rosenbaum WL. Sterling TD.
Institution
Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Title
Computation of relative risk based on simultaneous surveys: an alternative
to cohort and case-control studies.
Source
American Journal of Epidemiology. 136(6):722-9, 1992 Sep 15.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
If the same information on the distribution of risk factors is available
for both the general population and a subset distinguished by some disease
outcome, it becomes possible to derive relative risk estimates applicable to
the entire population with the assurance that the data upon which the
estimates are based is representative of that population. To illustrate this
approach, data from the 1986 National Mortality Follow-back Survey and the
1987 National Health Interview Survey were used to compute rate ratios for
several causes of death for work in dirtyier as compared with cleaner
occupations by three methods commonly employed in cohort and case-control
studies: the usual standardized rate ratio, the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of
the rate ratio, and a multiplicative model fit to an appropriate
cross-classification. Properly placed questions in appropriate surveys might
very well serve as a substitute for cohort studies and could be performed at
less cost and with less over!
all effort, and completed in a shorter time. Moreover, this approach is less
subject to problems of representativeness than cohort and case-control
studies.

Citation <10>
Unique Identifier
1437438
Medline Identifier
93065035
Authors
Fowler MG. Davenport MG. Garg R.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
Title
School functioning of US children with asthma.
Source
Pediatrics. 90(6):939-44, 1992 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Data from the 1988 US National Health Interview Survey on Child Health, a
nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were used to determine
national estimates of school outcomes (grade failure, learning disabilities,
and suspension/expulsion) and mean number of absences for children with
asthma (CWA) compared to well children without current health conditions.
Families indicated that 536 (4.9%) of the 10,362 survey children in grades 1
through 12 had had asthma in the previous 12 months. Families reported 18%
of CWA vs 15% of well children had grade failure, 9% of CWA vs 5% of well
children had learning disabilities, and 5% of CWA vs 6% of well children had
been expelled or suspended. Children with asthma averaged 7.6 school days
absent compared with 2.5 days for the well group. Multiple logistic
regression was used to compare the odds of grade failure, learning
disabilities, and suspension/expulsion among CWA and well children, overall
and stratified by income. Simil!
ar methods were used to assess the role of health status among asthmatic
children. After adjustment for demographic factors, CWA had similar risks of
grade failure and suspension/expulsion, but 1.7 times the risk of learning
disability compared with well children. Also, among families with incomes
below $20,000, CWA had twice the odds of grade failure compared with well
children. For asthmatic children, reported health status was an important
predictor of learning disability. Ten percent of CWA were reported to be in
fair-poor health. After adjustment for demographic factors, those in
fair-poor health were twice as likely to have a reported learning disability
compared with those in good-excellent health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)

Citation <11>
Unique Identifier
1304735
Medline Identifier
93059912
Authors
Weitzman M. Gortmaker SL. Sobol AM. Perrin JM.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester (NY), School of Medicine
and Dentistry.
Title
Recent trends in the prevalence and severity of childhood
asthma.[comment].
Comments
Comment in: JAMA. 1993 Apr 21;269(15):1941; PMID: 8464120
Source
JAMA. 268(19):2673-7, 1992 Nov 18.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To examine changes in the prevalence and distribution of
childhood asthma and its relationship with various measures of children's
health and functioning between 1981 and 1988. It was hypothesized that there
would be an increase in the prevalence of asthma, especially among black
children, and that available measures would suggest a deterioration in the
health and functioning of children with asthma over this period.
DESIGN--Analyses of data from the Child Health Supplements to the National
Health Interview Survey. SETTING AND SAMPLE--Nationally representative
random sample of 15,224 children aged 0 to 17 years in 1981 and 17,110 in
1988. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Changes in (1) the prevalence and distribution
of asthma, and (2) among children with asthma, the percentage of children
hospitalized, days spent in bed, school days lost in the year prior to
survey, and parent ratings and reports of children's overall health status
and behavior problems. RESULTS--The estim!
ated prevalence of childhood asthma increased from 3.1% in 1981 to 4.3% in
1988 (P < .0001), with similar increases for children, adolescents, and both
sexes. Increases occurred among white children (2.7% to 4.1%; P < .0001) but
not black children (5.3% vs 5.1%; not significant). Among those with asthma
in 1988 compared with 1981, there was better overall health status (11% vs
24% fair/poor; P < .0001) and fewer with 30 or more days spent in bed in the
last year (3.9% vs 7.2%; P < .04). We also observed trends toward a lower
rate of hospitalization in the last year (10% vs 14%; P = .07), fewer school
days missed (2% vs 6% with > 30 days; P = .08), and a lower rate of extreme
behavior problem scores (13% vs 18%; P = .09) in 1988 compared with 1981.
Reductions were similar among both black and white children.
CONCLUSIONS--These results indicate that the estimated prevalence of asthma
among children in the United States increased by almost 40%, and that
although the increase occu!
rred exclusively among white children, the prevalence of asthma still
remains higher in black children than in white children. There was no
support for increasing asthma severity and functional impact among either
black or white children with asthma in 1988 compared with 1981. These
findings provide no evidence to support the beliefs that asthma prevalence
is increasing largely among black children or that the severity of asthma
among most children in the United States is increasing.

Citation <12>
Unique Identifier
1430871
Medline Identifier
93056207
Authors
Caplan LS. Wells BL. Haynes S.
Institution
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD 20892.
Title
Breast cancer screening among older racial/ethnic minorities and whites:
barriers to early detection.
Source
Journal of Gerontology. 47 Spec No:101-10, 1992 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Screening mammography for early detection of breast cancer has been shown
to be an effective method for reducing mortality in older women. Based on
the results from the 1987-88 National Health Interview Survey, older
minority women have low prevalence rates of screening mammography. Among
women aged 75 and older, 83.5% of Black women, 93.2% of Hispanic women, and
75.0% of White women have never had a mammogram. On the average, about 12%
of minority women over the age of 65 have had a screening mammogram within
the preceding year, compared with about 15% of White women. Among women 75 +
years of age, Black and Hispanic women had markedly lower rates of clinical
breast examination in the last year (23.4% and 20.5% respectively) as
compared to White women (35.2%). The most common reason for not having a
mammogram among Black women 65 years of age and older was that the doctor
did not recommend a mammogram. For Hispanic and White women in this age
group, the most common reason w!
as that a mammogram was not needed or not necessary. Aggressive and creative
breast cancer screening activities for minority aged 65 and older are
clearly indicated.

Citation <13>
Unique Identifier
1427276
Medline Identifier
93051550
Authors
Fredman L. Droge JA. Rabin DL.
Institution
Department of Family Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore 21201.
Title
Functional limitations among home health care users in the National Health
Interview Survey Supplement on Aging.
Source
Gerontologist. 32(5):641-6, 1992 Oct.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
A case-control study compared home health care (HHC) users from the 1984
Supplement on Aging to users of other community services and of no community
service, matched on age and gender. Examination of specific activities of
daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and
sociodemographic variables showed that HHC users were significantly more
limited than controls in every ADL and IADL. In multivariate analyses, HHC
use was significantly associated with three ADLs (dressing, going outside,
bathing), two IADLs (shopping, heavy housework), and poor health status.

Citation <14>
Unique Identifier
1408534
Medline Identifier
93026896
Authors
Taylor WR. Newacheck PW.
Institution
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Title
Impact of childhood asthma on health.
Source
Pediatrics. 90(5):657-62, 1992 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
In 1988, the National Health Interview Survey contained a supplemental
questionnaire on childhood conditions that included asthma. The authors used
these data from 17,110 households to determine the disease burden resulting
from asthma and to determine the functional status of children with and
without asthma by linking information from the core and supplemental
questionnaires. The prevalence of asthma in children younger than 18 years
of age in the United States as reported by an adult in the household was
4.3% in 1988 and was 3.2% in 1981, the last time a comparable questionnaire
was used in the National Health Interview Survey. The difference between the
prevalences of asthma was statistically significant (95% confidence interval
for the difference was 0.7% to 1.5%). An estimated 2.7 million children
younger than 18 years were reported by an adult in the household to have had
asthma in the past year. The added burden of illness experienced by children
with asthma compared!
with children without asthma was an additional 10.1 million days missed
from school, 12.9 million contacts with medical doctors, and 200,000
hospitalizations. Almost 30% of children with asthma had some limitation in
activity, compared with only 5% of children without asthma. A greater
proportion of black children experienced more severe functional disability
and had more frequent hospitalizations than white children with asthma. Ten
percent of children with asthma had severe disease as measured by frequency
of bother and limitations in function; these children accounted for 35% of
hospitalizations for asthma and 77% of the days in the hospital.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Citation <15>
Unique Identifier
1408514
Medline Identifier
93026871
Authors
Newacheck PW. McManus MA. Gephart J.
Institution
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San
Francisco 94109.
Title
Health insurance coverage of adolescents: a current profile and assessment
of trends.
Source
Pediatrics. 90(4):589-96, 1992 Oct.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Data from the National Health Interview Survey reveal that 4.7 million or
15% of US adolescents aged 10 through 18 were uninsured in 1989. Among
adolescents, 73% were privately insured, 10% were publicly insured, and 2%
were both privately and publicly insured. Poor, near-poor, and minority
adolescents were at the greatest risk for lack of health insurance coverage.
Among adolescents without insurance, cost continued to be cited as the
leading barrier to obtaining coverage. A comparison of 1989 National Health
Interview Survey data with a previous analysis, in which 1984 data were
used, revealed a 10% increase in the proportion of adolescents without
insurance coverage. The increase in the proportion of uninsured adolescents
was entirely attributable to an erosion of private health insurance
coverage. No significant change occurred in the proportion of adolescents
with coverage under public programs. Planned expansions of the federally and
state-financed Medicaid programs wi!
ll help to stem further increases in the size of the uninsured adolescent
population. However, unless marked improvements occur in the private health
insurance sector, progress will be limited.

Citation <16>
Unique Identifier
1403644
Medline Identifier
93020185
Authors
Biddlecom AE. LeClere FB. Hardy AM. Hendershot GE.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control,
Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Title
National study of knowledge of AIDS, testing patterns, and self-assessed
risk among health care workers.
Source
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 5(11):1131-6, 1992.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
We conducted a study to assess the level of AIDS knowledge, testing
behavior patterns, and self-assessed risk of contracting AIDS for a
representative sample of health care workers in the United States. The study
was based on data collected in the 1989 AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes
Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Health care workers in
four occupational groups were compared with other members of the labor force
and with one another. The survey included 1,620 respondents identified as
health care workers and 25,217 respondents with occupations other than in
health care. Health care workers were more knowledgeable about AIDS than
were other workers; approximately 55% and 25%, respectively, reported
knowing a lot about AIDS. They were also more likely to have been tested
(34%) than other workers (24%) and to have done so voluntarily (28% versus
14%). Health care workers also believed they had higher risk of contracting
AIDS (8% versus 3%), although they were !
about equally likely to report being in one of the six high-risk groups.
Among health care workers, those in the health diagnosing occupations were
the most knowledgeable about AIDS (74% reported knowing a lot) and were the
most likely to have been tested (41% were tested at least once). Health
service workers were the least knowledgeable; only 38% reported knowing a
lot about AIDS and only 26% reported being tested.

Citation <17>
Unique Identifier
1401600
Medline Identifier
93017495
Authors
Gift HC. Newman JF.
Institution
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Branch, National Institute of
Dental Research, Bethesda, Md 20892.
Title
Oral health activities of U.S. children: results of a national health
interview survey.
Source
Journal of the American Dental Association. 123(10):96-106, 1992 Oct.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey show oral health
activities for U.S. children aged 2-17. Key population subgroups neither
received optimal preventive care nor visited a dentist regularly.

Citation <18>
Unique Identifier
10149918
Medline Identifier
92901552
Authors
Sharkness CM. Hamburger S. Moore RM Jr. Kaczmarek RG.
Institution
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug
Administration, Rockville, MD 20857.
Title
Prevalence of artificial hips in the United States.
Source
Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 2(1):1-8, 1992.
Abstract
This report summarizes information about adults with artificial hips as
derived from a national survey, the 1988 National Health Interview Survey
Medical Device Implant Supplement. Based on extrapolation to the United
States population from the survey sample, it is estimated that 674,000
adults are currently using 811,000 artificial hips. The prevalence rate is
3.8 persons per thousand (95% confidence interval, 3.2, 4.4). 91.5% of the
implants are primary implants and 8.5% are revisions, with the predominant
reason for revision being loosening. Arthritis and injury are the most
common reasons for hip implantation. Almost 60% of the implants have been
in use for 5 years or less. This prevalence information about adults with
artificial hips is unique in that it represents the first such estimates
based on a probability sample of the United States population.

Citation <19>
Unique Identifier
1528281
Medline Identifier
92408808
Authors
van Meel D. de Vrij JH. Kunst AE. Mackenbach JP.
Institution
Erasmus Universiteit, Instituut Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg,
Rotterdam.
Title
[Differences in risk factors for disease and health problems between monks
and the general population in The Netherlands].[comment]. [Dutch]
Comments
Comment in: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1992 Oct 3;136(40):1989; PMID: 1369749
Source
Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 136(32):1551-5, 1992 Aug 8.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the austerely living
Trappist and Benedictine monks have a lower prevalence of a number of risk
factors and health problems than the general Dutch population. A written
questionnaire was submitted to monks of 7 monasteries. The response was 67
per cent (134 monks). The data were compared with data from the national
Health Interview Survey of 1989, which used an almost identical
questionnaire. Adjustment was made for differences in age and education.
Monks consume less alcohol and tobacco and have a more austere diet. Their
average Quetelet index is lower. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is
lower. On the other hand, monks more often report a number of other chronic
diseases, physical complaints, and problems with activities of daily life.
They more often have contact with general practitioners and with
consultants. The lower prevalence of a number of risk factors among monks
reflects their austere way of life. It is not !
certain whether the lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases can be
attributed to this way of life. The fact that, in general, health problems
are more prevalent among monks suggests that changes in lifestyle do not
necessarily lead to compression of morbidity.

Citation <20>
Unique Identifier
1387488
Medline Identifier
92383572
Authors
Landen DD. Hendricks SA.
Institution
Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West VA 26505.
Title
Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey on occupational injury
among older workers in the United States.
Source
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 18 Suppl 2:18-20,
1992.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <21>
Unique Identifier
1512368
Medline Identifier
92381224
Authors
Bender MM. Levy AS. Schucker RE. Yetley EA.
Institution
Division of Consumer Studies, Center for Food Safety and Applied
Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
Title
Trends in prevalence and magnitude of vitamin and mineral supplement usage
and correlation with health status.
Source
Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 92(9):1096-101, 1992 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The 1980 Food and Drug Administration Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use
Survey and the 1986 National Health Interview Survey used similar questions
and procedures to estimate and identify trends in the prevalence and
magnitude of supplement usage in the United States. A comparison of the two
surveys reveals that prevalence of supplement use among adults decreased
slightly, from 42% in 1980 to 38% in 1986. The magnitude of supplement use
has also decreased; users reported taking a mean of 2.15 supplements in 1980
compared with a mean of 1.77 in 1986. The prevalence of supplement users
identified as light users increased from 42% in 1980 to 57% in 1986.
Supplement usage was more likely and more intense among individuals who had
one or more health problems and among individuals who perceived their health
as very good or excellent. The findings indicate that supplement usage
remains a widespread behavior linked to popular conceptions of good health
and well-being but one that i!
s susceptible to change.

Citation <22>
Unique Identifier
1512306
Medline Identifier
92381151
Authors
Meissner HI. Potosky AL. Convissor R.
Institution
Public Health Applications Research Branch, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD 20892.
Title
How sources of health information relate to knowledge and use of cancer
screening exams.
Source
Journal of Community Health. 17(3):153-65, 1992 Jun.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Utilization of many screening procedures to detect cancer in early stages
remains low. In order to design more effective strategies to increase
utilization of these tests, we assessed the role and relative importance of
different information sources on knowledge and use of cancer screening
exams. Where individuals get useful information about disease prevention,
and the relationship of information sources to cancer screening knowledge
and behavior are reported using data from the 1987 National Health Interview
Survey. Results indicate that physicians are perceived as important sources
of information on how to prevent illness. However, persons who use print
media as their most useful source of information are significantly more
likely to have heard of cancer screening procedures than those who rely on
the doctor as the source. Those who rely on electronic media tend to be less
knowledgeable of all screening procedures examined. A strong and consistent
association between doct!
or as the most useful source of information and actually having received the
procedure was found. These results suggest that knowledge may not
necessarily be a prerequisite to screening and indicate that reliance on the
physician to recommend cancer screening may be critical in utilization of
these services.

Citation <23>
Unique Identifier
1324144
Medline Identifier
92371158
Authors
Wetterhall SF. Olson DR. DeStefano F. Stevenson JM. Ford ES. German
RR. Will JC. Newman JM. Sepe SJ. Vinicor F.
Institution
Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,
Georgia 30333.
Title
Trends in diabetes and diabetic complications, 1980-1987.
Source
Diabetes Care. 15(8):960-7, 1992 Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--Although diabetes is a major source of morbidity and mortality
in the United States, only recently has a unified national surveillance
system begun to monitor trends in diabetes and diabetic complications.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We established a diabetes surveillance system
using data for 1980-1987 from vital records, the National Health Interview
Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Health Care
Financing Administration's records to examine trends in the prevalence and
incidence of diabetes, diabetes mortality, hospitalizations, and diabetic
complications. RESULTS--From 1980 through 1987, the number of individuals
known to have diabetes increased by 1 million--to 6.82 million.
Age-standardized prevalence for diabetes increased 9% during this period,
from 25.4 to 27.6/1000 U.S. residents (P = 0.03). The incidence of diabetes
increased among women (P = 0.003), particularly among those greater than 65
yr old (P = 0.02). Age-standardized morta!
lity rates (for diabetes as either an underlying or contributing cause) per
100,000 individuals with diabetes declined 12%, from 2350 to 2066. Annual
mortality rates from stroke (as an underlying cause and diabetes as a
contributing cause) and diabetic ketoacidosis declined 29% (P = 0.003) and
22% (P less than 0.001), respectively. During these 8 yr, hospitalization
rates for major CVD and stroke (as the primary diagnoses and diabetes as a
secondary diagnosis) increased 34% (P = 0.006) and 38% (P = 0.01),
respectively. Also during this period, hospitalization rates increased 21%
for diabetic ketoacidosis (P = 0.01) and 29% for lower-extremity amputations
(P = 0.06). From 1982 through 1986, treatment for end-stage renal disease
related to diabetes increased greater than 10% each year (P less than
0.001). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was nearly twice as high in
blacks as in whites (P = 0.04). Blacks also had increased rates of
lower-extremity amputation (P = 0.02), diabe!
tic ketoacidosis (P less than 0.001), and end-stage renal disease (P =
0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Diabetes surveillance data will be useful in planning,
targeting, and evaluating public health efforts designed to prevent and
control diabetes and its complications.

Citation <24>
Unique Identifier
1504637
Medline Identifier
92369949
Authors
Dawson DA. Grant BF. Harford TC.
Institution
Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcoholism
and Alcohol Abuse, Rockville, MD 20857.
Title
Parental history of alcoholism and probability of marriage.
Source
Journal of Substance Abuse. 4(2):117-29, 1992.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Personal interview data for 16,795 U.S. adults 18-39 years of age were
analyzed to assess the effect of positive parental history of alcoholism on
the probability of ever having been married. The data were collected as part
of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. The effects of parental
history were estimated using logistic regression models that adjusted for
age, race, gender, and respondent history of alcohol problems. Nonblack
adults who lived with one or more alcoholic parents when growing up were 50%
more likely ever to have been married than those with no parental history.
The effect was of the same magnitude regardless of whether the alcoholic
parent was the mother or the father, but was larger if both parents were
reported to be alcoholics. Among blacks, positive parental history of
alcoholism did not affect the odds of marriage. The greater likelihood of
early marriage among children of alcoholics may help explain their excess
risk of marital disruption.

Citation <25>
Unique Identifier
1503169
Medline Identifier
92367833
Authors
Kosorok MR. Omenn GS. Diehr P. Koepsell TD. Patrick DL.
Institution
Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Title
Restricted activity days among older adults.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 82(9):1263-7, 1992 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The number of restricted activity days experienced by an
individual in the course of a year is an important measure of functional
well-being, particularly for older adults. We sought to determine
multivariate associations between restricted activity days and various
health conditions. METHODS. We used data from the 1984 Supplement on Aging
of the National Health Interview Survey to estimate the relationship between
restricted activity days and age, gender, and the presence or absence of
selected chronic conditions and falls for all noninstitutionalized people
aged 65 years and over. Chronic conditions and falls accounted for most of
the variance in the model. RESULTS. Of an annual average of 31 restricted
activity days, 6 days were associated with falls; 4 days with heart disease;
4 days with arthritis and rheumatism; 2 days each with high blood pressure,
cerebrovascular disease, and visual impairment; and 1 day each with
atherosclerosis, diabetes, major malignan!
cies, and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS. These results can be used in estimating
the potential impact of health promotion programs on the health status of
noninstitutionalized older adults.

Citation <26>
Unique Identifier
1496961
Medline Identifier
92359073
Authors
Jason J. Colclough G. Gentry EM.
Institution
National AIDS Information and Education Program, Centers for Disease
Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
Title
The pediatrician's role in encouraging parent-child communication about
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Source
American Journal of Diseases of Children. 146(7):869-75, 1992 Jul.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--We explored whether communication from pediatrician to parent
to child might assist in education about and prevention of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by comparing parents of children aged
10 through 17 years who did discuss acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) with their children with parents of children aged 10 through 17 years
who did not discuss AIDS with their children. RESEARCH DESIGN--Secondary
analyses of the National Health Interview Survey, a general population
survey with items on AIDS. We compared the relative importance of various
characteristics in distinguishing parents who did discuss AIDS from those
who did not. Variables included whether the parents had received an
informational brochure about AIDS from a health care provider.
RESULTS--Twenty percent of respondents had at least one child between ages
10 and 17 years; 62% of these parents had discussed AIDS with their
children. This percentage was greater for parents living in !
metropolitan statistical areas with fewer than 100,000 persons compared with
parents living in larger cities (73.6% vs 62.7%). Seventy-four percent of
women (n = 4745) had spoken to their children about AIDS; only 49% of men (n
= 3271) had done so. This gender difference was present in both one- and
two-parent households. Hispanics were significantly less likely than
non-Hispanics to have discussed AIDS with their children (men, 38.9% vs
49.9%; women, 62.6% vs 74.2%). Gender by far was most strongly associated
with talking to children about AIDS, followed by self-assessed knowledge,
knowing someone infected with the HIV, and actual knowledge about HIV and
AIDS. Parents who reported reading an AIDS-related brochure were
significantly more likely to have spoken with their children than were
parents who had not read such a brochure (76.2% vs 57.4%). Thirty-seven
percent of parents receiving a brochure received one from a health care
provider. CONCLUSIONS--Pediatricians can assist!
in efforts to prevent HIV infection and AIDS by educating parents,
especially mothers, about AIDS; by providing them with well-designed
brochures about AIDS; and by encouraging them to discuss HIV with their
children in a developmentally appropriate manner.

Citation <27>
Unique Identifier
1640041
Medline Identifier
92348763
Authors
Block G. Subar AF.
Institution
University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Title
Estimates of nutrient intake from a food frequency questionnaire: the 1987
National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 92(8):969-77, 1992 Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Nutrient intake data are reported from a 60-item food frequency
questionnaire administered in the 1987 National Health Interview Survey to a
representative sample of US adults 18 to 99 years of age (n = 22,080). These
data provide for the first time an estimate of the distribution of usual
nutrient intakes in a national probability sample. For several nutrients,
10% to 25% of respondents may habitually consume substantially less than the
Recommended Dietary Allowance, despite apparently adequate group means.
Hispanics reported higher energy and carbohydrate intakes and a lower
percentage of energy from fat than blacks or whites (35.6%, 38.4%, and 38.7%
of energy from fat for Hispanics, blacks, and whites, respectively.) Whites
had lower cholesterol intake than the other two groups, and blacks had a
higher intake of sweets. Alcohol intake was lower among women and persons
older than 65 years, but no other differences in alcohol intake emerged. Use
of adjustment factors improv!
ed nutrient intake estimates from this shortened questionnaire to levels
similar to those obtained from other national dietary surveys. The nutrient
intake data from this research can be used to compare demographic subgroups
and to describe the mean and distribution of nutrient intake. Furthermore,
this research provides national reference data to investigators who use this
or related questionnaires in nutrition research.

Citation <28>
Unique Identifier
1640040
Medline Identifier
92348762
Authors
Cotugna N. Subar AF. Heimendinger J. Kahle L.
Institution
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Delaware, Newark
19716.
Title
Nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and
practices: the 1987 National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 92(8):963-8, 1992 Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This article examines the nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge,
beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported dietary changes of a US national
probability sample. The data were drawn from the Cancer Control Supplement
of the 1987 National Health Interview Survey, which was answered by 22,043
adults. Thirty-five percent of the sample reported that they had made
dietary changes in the past 1 to 5 years for health reasons. Respondents
reported eating more vegetables, fruit, lower-fat meats, and whole
grains/fiber and less high-fat meats, fats, sweets/snacks, salty foods,
refined grain products, alcohol, and dairy products. Those who did not make
any dietary changes most often said the reason was that they enjoyed the
food they were presently eating and did not want to make any changes. More
than 90% of the sample agreed that diet and disease were related and 73%
knew that diet and cancer were related, yet 44% believed there was nothing a
person could do to reduce the risk of getti!
ng cancer or didn't know what could be done. In response to open-ended
questions about foods that either increase or decrease cancer risk,
vegetables, whole grains/fiber, fruit, and lower-fat meats were thought to
decrease risk, and high-fat meats, fats, alcohol, sweets/snacks, and
additives were thought to increase cancer risk. We found education and
income levels to be the major demographic variables that have an impact on
cancer prevention knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. People with lower
incomes and at lower educational levels should be targeted for education
about cancer risk reduction.

Citation <29>
Unique Identifier
1593737
Medline Identifier
92277807
Authors
Bijur PE. Kurzon M. Overpeck MD. Scheidt PC.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
10461.
Title
Parental alcohol use, problem drinking, and children's injuries.
Source
JAMA. 267(23):3166-71, 1992 Jun 17.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--Millions of US children are exposed to parents who are problem
drinkers, yet there is little evidence about the effect of parental alcohol
consumption on children's health. The aim of this study was to assess the
association between children's injuries and parental drinking.
DESIGN--Survey of a nationally representative sample of the US population by
household interview. PARTICIPANTS--12,360 children and parents from
single-family households, with data from the Alcohol and Child Health
supplements to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURE--Serious injuries--injuries resulting in hospitalization, surgical
treatment, missed school, one half day or more in bed. RESULTS--Children of
mothers categorized as problem drinkers had 2.1 times the risk of serious
injury as children of mothers who were nondrinkers (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5).
Other measures of mothers' alcohol consumption (ie, average, maximum, and
self-rated consumption) were unrelated to ch!
ild injuries, as were all measures of fathers' drinking. Children of women
who were problem drinkers married to men rated as moderate or heavy drinkers
had a relative risk of serious injury of 2.7 (95% CI, 0.8 to 8.6) compared
with children of nondrinkers. CONCLUSION--Children of women who are problem
drinkers have an elevated injury risk; children with two parents who are
problem drinkers are at higher risk. Further research is needed on potential
mechanisms and interventions. Primary prevention might be enhanced if
physicians elicited information about parental drinking, helped secure
appropriate treatment, and participated in public health efforts to reduce
the deleterious effects of alcohol.

Citation <30>
Unique Identifier
1590533
Medline Identifier
92272373
Authors
Harford TC. Parker DA. Grant BF. Dawson DA.
Institution
Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20857.
Title
Alcohol use and dependence among employed men and women in the United
States in 1988.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 16(2):146-8, 1992 Apr.
Abstract
This paper provides estimates of alcohol consumption and alcohol
dependence among employed men and women in the United States. Data from the
1988 National Health Interview Survey indicate that the percentages of
drinkers in white-collar occupations are higher than the percentages of
drinkers in blue-collar occupations among both men and women; however, the
men and women in blue-collar occupations who drink have a higher average
daily consumption than drinkers in white-collar occupations. DSM-III-R
criteria were used to classify respondents as alcohol-dependent. Consistent
with an earlier survey of employed adults in Detroit, the prevalence of
alcohol dependence is highest in certain blue-collar occupations (craftsmen,
laborers, and service workers among men; machine operators, laborers, and
service workers among women). Directions for further research on the
occupational and drinking experiences of employed men and women are
discussed.

Citation <31>
Unique Identifier
1580254
Medline Identifier
92254807
Authors
Beaumont JJ. Singleton JA. Doebbert G. Riedmiller KR. Brackbill RM.
Kizer KW.
Institution
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of
California, Davis 95616.
Title
Adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status in
the California Occupational Mortality Study.
Source
American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 21(4):491-506, 1992.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This paper presents methods for adjusting for smoking, alcohol, and
socioeconomic status in death certificate-based occupational mortality
surveillance. The methods were applied in the California Occupational
Mortality Study, a statewide study of rates based on 180,000 deaths and
census estimates of occupations. For each occupation, levels of smoking,
alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status were estimated using National
Health Interview Survey and U.S. Census data, and an empirical Bayes
procedure was used to improve the stability of smoking and alcohol estimates
for small occupations. Expected death rates for occupations were calculated
by modeling rates as a function of age, smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic
status with Poisson regression. The effect of adjustment was usually
moderate and in the expected direction, and the adjusted mortality ratios
were generally closer to 1.0. Full data on agricultural occupations are
presented for illustration.

Citation <32>
Unique Identifier
1578595
Medline Identifier
92251937
Authors
St Peter RF. Newacheck PW. Halfon N.
Institution
Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of California,
San Francisco 94143-0903.
Title
Access to care for poor children. Separate and unequal?[comment].
Comments
Comment in: JAMA. 1992 Oct 21;268(15):2033-4; PMID: 1404739
Source
JAMA. 267(20):2760-4, 1992 May 27.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To determine how coverage by Medicaid affects the use of
preventive care, as well as the location and continuity of care for poor
children. DESIGN--Analysis of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on
Child Health. SETTING--Nationally representative sample of the US
noninstitutionalized, civilian population. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 17,710
children under 18 years of age selected in a stratified cluster sampling of
US households. INTERVENTION--None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The percentage of
children with a usual source of routine care; the timeliness of visits for
routine care; the usual source where routine care is received; and the
continuity between sources of care. RESULTS--Poor children with Medicaid
coverage were more likely than those without Medicaid to have a usual source
of routine care (91% vs 78%, P less than .001) and to receive routine care
within an appropriate time interval (84% vs 69%, P less than .001). However,
poor children with Medicaid were!
less likely than children living above the poverty line to receive routine
care in physicians' offices (56% vs 82%, P less than .001) and more likely
to lack continuity between usual sources of routine and sick care (18% vs
6%, P less than .001). Children receiving routine care at community clinics
compared with children receiving care at physicians' offices were more
likely to receive sick care at a different location than where they receive
routine care (40% vs 4%, P less than .001) and also more likely to identify
an emergency department as their usual source of sick care (9% vs 2%, P less
than .001). CONCLUSIONS--While Medicaid does improve access to care for poor
children, it does not ensure them access to the same locations and
continuity of care as that available to other children. Recent changes in
the Medicaid program may address some of these inequities, but others are
likely to remain.

Citation <33>
Unique Identifier
1575784
Medline Identifier
92247043
Authors
Yelin E.
Institution
Rosalind Russell Arthritis Center, Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco 94117.
Title
Arthritis. The cumulative impact of a common chronic condition.
Source
Arthritis & Rheumatism. 35(5):489-97, 1992 May.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To document the extent of disability related to arthritis among
working-age (18-64-year-old) and elderly (greater than or equal to
70-year-old) individuals. METHODS. Data from the 1970-1987 National Health
Interview Surveys were used to determine the prevalence of arthritis-related
disability among working-age adults. The Longitudinal Study on Aging was
used to determine the prevalence of arthritis-related disability among the
elderly. RESULTS. Among working-age persons, 3.734 million men and 5.649
million women reported having arthritis, of whom in excess of 2 million and
3 million, respectively, reported activity limitation (the definition of
disability in the National Health Interview Survey). Labor force
participation among men with arthritis was approximately 20% lower than
among those without arthritis and approximately 25% lower among women with
arthritis than among those without. Among elderly individuals, 55% reported
having arthritis and, of these, more !
than three-quarters were limited in a physical activity and more than
one-third were limited in an activity of daily living. Moreover, disability
rates for persons with arthritis were found to be increasing, even on an
age-adjusted basis. CONCLUSION. The impact of arthritis in terms of
disability was shown to be high and was probably underestimated, given the
high prevalence of the disease among women and elderly persons, and the
limitations in the methods used in contemporary social surveys to establish
the extent of disability, in these 2 population groups in particular.

Citation <34>
Unique Identifier
10116943
Medline Identifier
92207386
Authors
Harlow KS.
Institution
Indiana University, Indianapolis.
Title
Research and the politics of decision making: planning services for
elders.
Source
Journal of Applied Gerontology. 11(1):22-37, 1992 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Identification of the appropriate measures for determining levels of
impairment and disability has emerged as a major challenge for the network
on aging. Recommendations from the Pepper Commission as well as recent court
decisions will increase pressures on state and area agencies to identify
levels of impairment of activities of daily living (ADLs) as a trigger for
eligibility for services and as a component of intrastate funding formulas.
The use of different descriptors from the Supplement on Aging to the 1984
National Health Interview Survey as a basis for projecting future
demand/need for services is discussed. Each scenario presents a different
political/decision-making challenge for the network and for individual
planners. Planners are encouraged to provide multiple models for decision
making to assist the network in making service delivery decisions.

Citation <35>
Unique Identifier
1546775
Medline Identifier
92189124
Authors
Strauss RP. Corless IB. Luckey JW. van der Horst CM. Dennis BH.
Institution
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
Title
Cognitive and attitudinal impacts of a university AIDS course:
interdisciplinary education as a public health intervention.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 82(4):569-72, 1992 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This paper describes an interdisciplinary, variable credit-bearing
university course on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that enrolled
429 students. Pre- and post-course questionnaires were used to assess
knowledge and attitudes relative to AIDS and these were compared to National
Health Interview Survey findings. Considerable cognitive and attitudinal
changes occurred over the course period. University courses, taught
annually, were found to be an efficient mechanism for educating large
numbers of future community leaders and professionals about AIDS.

Citation <36>
Unique Identifier
1544141
Medline Identifier
92183110
Authors
Ziegler RG. Subar AF. Craft NE. Ursin G. Patterson BH. Graubard BI.
Institution
Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892.
Title
Does beta-carotene explain why reduced cancer risk is associated with
vegetable and fruit intake?.
Source
Cancer Research. 52(7 Suppl):2060s-2066s, 1992 Apr 1.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Increased intake of vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and elevated blood
levels of beta-carotene are consistently associated with reduced risk of
lung cancer in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiologic research also suggests
that carotenoids may reduce the risk of other cancers, although the evidence
is less extensive and consistent. The simplest explanation is that
beta-carotene is protective. However, the possible roles of other
carotenoids, other constituents of vegetables and fruits, and associated
dietary patterns have not been adequately explored. To evaluate these
alternative hypotheses, we are undertaking three lines of research. (a) With
dietary data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey and the
1982-1984 Epidemiologic Follow-up of the first National Health and Nutrition
Examination Study, we have determined which food groups and nutrients are
highly correlated with vegetable and fruit intake. (b) We have developed and
characterized a liquid chromatography me!
thod for optimal recovery and resolution of the common carotenoids in blood,
specifically lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene,
alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene. (c) In a population-based case-control
study of lung cancer in white men in New Jersey, we are assessing whether
estimates of the intake of the individual carotenoids might produce stronger
inverse associations than estimates of provitamin A carotenoids based on
current food composition tables.

Citation <37>
Unique Identifier
1544121
Medline Identifier
92183086
Authors
Byrne J. Kessler LG. Devesa SS.
Institution
Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Title
The prevalence of cancer among adults in the United States: 1987.
Source
Cancer. 69(8):2154-9, 1992 Apr 15.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
No national data exist on the prevalence of cancer in the United States
population. The authors report the first estimates of prevalence rates of
cancer from a population-based sample of the adult population of the United
States. Estimates are based on responses collected from the Cancer Control
Supplements of the National Health Interview Survey, a population-based
sample survey of all people older than 17 years of age in the United States
in 1987. Of 44,123 adults questioned, 1593 said they had a nonskin cancer.
In 1987, after adjustments, the overall prevalence rate of all types of
cancer, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, was 3230 per 100,000 adults; the
rates for men and women were 1930 and 4412, respectively. The authors
estimate that, in 1987, 5.7 million adults in the United States were
survivors of nonskin cancer, 3.3% of the adult population. Approximately
89,000 adults had cancer during childhood, or 1.6% of the total.
Approximately 3.6 million people were at lea!
st 5-year survivors and 900,000 adults had their disease diagnosed during
the year before interview. Despite the potential for underreporting and
misclassification, these national estimates are in general accord with
figures estimated from other sources. Increasing survival after cancer,
especially childhood and adolescent cancer, indicates the importance of
continued monitoring to provide information needed to plan for adequate
health services.

Citation <38>
Unique Identifier
1536351
Medline Identifier
92161062
Authors
Newacheck PW. Taylor WR.
Institution
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San
Francisco 94109.
Title
Childhood chronic illness: prevalence, severity, and impact.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 82(3):364-71, 1992 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Using data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey,
this article presents national estimates of the prevalence and impact of
childhood chronic conditions. METHODS. Proxy responses to a checklist of
child health conditions administered for 17,110 children under 18 years of
age were used. Conditions were classified as chronic if they were first
noticed more than 3 months prior to the interview or if they were the type
that would ordinarily be of extended duration, such as arthritis. RESULTS.
An estimated 31% of children were affected by chronic conditions. Among
these children, highly prevalent conditions included respiratory allergies
9.7 per 100, repeated ear infections 8.3 per 100 and asthma 4.3 per 100.
These children can be divided into three groups: 66% with mild conditions
that result in little or no bother or activity limitation; 29% with
conditions of moderate severity that result in some bother or limitation of
activity, but not both; and 5% with s!
evere conditions that cause frequent bother and limitation of activity. The
5% with severe conditions accounted for 19% of physician contacts and 33% of
hospital days related to chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS. Childhood chronic
conditions have highly variable impacts on children's activities and use of
health care.

Citation <39>
Unique Identifier
1741007
Medline Identifier
92157939
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Medicare influenza vaccine demonstration--selected states, 1988-1992.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 41(9):152-5, 1992 Mar 6.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Influenza and its complications remain a major cause of premature death
and debilitating illness in the United States, particularly among older
persons and those with chronic medical conditions. However, only 30% of
persons greater than or equal to 65 years of age responding to the 1989
National Health Interview Survey reported having received influenza vaccine
during the previous year (CDC, unpublished data, 1991). In 1988, the Health
Care Financing Administration (HCFA) and CDC began a congressionally
mandated 4-year demonstration project to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of
providing influenza vaccine under Medicare. This report reviews preliminary
results of the Medicare Influenza Vaccine Demonstration during 1988-1992.

Citation <40>
Unique Identifier
1738872
Medline Identifier
92151123
Authors
Duelberg SI.
Institution
Department of Geography, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Title
Preventive health behavior among black and white women in urban and rural
areas.
Source
Social Science & Medicine. 34(2):191-8, 1992 Jan.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
The relationship of race to preventive health behavior among women is
examined using data from the 1985 National Health Interview Survey. We find
that black women are less likely to engage in primary prevention behaviors
such as exercising, non-smoking and maintaining a favorable weight. However,
black women are more likely to engage in secondary prevention behaviors such
as receiving a Pap test or a breast exam. These findings are surprising as
they indicate a change in secondary prevention behavior among black women.
The racial differences in exercising, maintaining a favorable weight and
receiving a Pap test or a breast exam cannot fully be explained by the
differing levels of socio-economic status, measured by education and income.
However, the higher percentage of smoking among black women is due to their
lower levels of education. Urban/rural residence modifies the effect of race
on smoking and receiving a Pap test. Black women in urban areas are most
likely to be smok!
ers. Almost no difference exists between white women in urban and rural
areas concerning their likelihood of receiving a Pap test, we find that
black women in urban areas are much more likely to be screened for cervical
cancer than black women in rural areas.

Citation <41>
Unique Identifier
1729585
Medline Identifier
92106834
Authors
Newacheck PW.
Institution
Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco 94143-0936.
Title
Characteristics of children with high and low usage of physician services.
Source
Medical Care. 30(1):30-42, 1992 Jan.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This study examines utilization of physician services using a sample of
17,110 children younger than 18 years from the Child Health Supplement to
the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on Child Health. Although children
averaged 3 contacts with physicians, 21% of children did not use physician
services and 7% had 10 or more contacts and accounted for 37% of all
contacts for children during 1988. Age and ethnicity of the child; family
income, health insurance status, size, and area of residence; and mother's
educational attainment were important sociodemographic correlates of low
usage. In contrast, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found
to be only modest predictors of high usage. Children's health
characteristics, especially number of childhood health conditions, were
highly predictive of both high and low physician services usage. Compared
with children who had no reported conditions, children with multiple
conditions were eight times as likely to be hi!
gh users and were only a fourth as likely to be low users. Implications of
these results are discussed.

Citation <42>
Unique Identifier
10171122
Medline Identifier
92900423
Authors
Moore RM Jr. Hamburger S. Jeng LL. Hamilton PM.
Institution
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration,
Rockville, MD 20852.
Title
Orthopedic implant devices: prevalence and sociodemographic findings from
the 1988 National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Journal of Applied Biomaterials (New York). 2(2):127-31, 1991 Summer.
Abstract
National population-based estimates on the magnitude and distribution of
orthopedic implant devices in the United States have not been available to
date. The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and
Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) collaborated with the Centers for Disease
Control's National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS) in the design and
conduct of a nationwide medical device implant survey to generate the first
national population-based prevalence estimates of orthopedic implant
devices. A Medical Device Implant Supplement to the 1988 National Health
Interview Survey was administered in personal household interviews to a
national sample of 47,485 households, which included 122,310 individuals.
An estimated 6.5 million orthopedic implants were in use in the general US
population in 1988, including 1.6 million artificial joints and 4.9 million
fixation devices. As a group, orthopedic implants comprised nearly half of
all medical device implants in us!
e, 43.4%. The majority of artificial joint recipients were 65 years of age
or older, white, and male. The majority of fixation device recipients were
less than 45 years of age, white, and male. The limitations and strengths
of these population-based estimates are discussed.

Citation <43>
Unique Identifier
2050874
Medline Identifier
91268344
Authors
Waldman HB.
Institution
Department of Dental Health, School of Dental Medicine, State University
of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8715.
Title
There really are children in poor health.
Source
Journal of Dentistry for Children. 58(2):144-6, 1991 Mar-Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
A report is provided on the general health status of children. Information
is based on the latest National Health Interview Survey. In 1987, 1.8
million children were reported to be either in fair or poor health, contrary
to prevailing stereotypes.

Citation <44>
Unique Identifier
9119546
Medline Identifier
97238992
Authors
Cornoni-Huntley JC. Foley DJ. Guralnik JM.
Institution
Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Title
Co-morbidity analysis: a strategy for understanding mortality, disability
and use of health care facilities of older people. [Review] [19 refs]
Source
International Journal of Epidemiology. 20 Suppl 1:S8-17, 1991.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Older people often have several co-existing health problems. The type,
number, duration and severity of these problems may have an impact on
longevity and maintenance of independence. Analyses of co-morbidity can
assess the additive or multiplicative effect of more than one chronic
condition or impairment on the risks of mortality, loss of functioning and
use of health services. Three major surveys of the elderly, initiated in the
past ten years, provide data for studying the added burden of multiple
morbidities. These surveys are: The National Health Interview
Survey-Supplement on Aging; The National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey I-Epidemiologic Follow-up Study; and The Established Populations for
Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Results of analyses of co-morbidity
using data from these three surveys are presented. Although each analysis
used a different definitional approach to estimate the co-morbidity effect,
each demonstrated an associated or increased ri!
sk on the outcome. [References: 19]

Citation <45>
Unique Identifier
1669662
Medline Identifier
94121018
Authors
Newacheck PW. McManus MA. Fox HB.
Institution
Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of
California at San Francisco 94143-0936.
Title
Prevalence and impact of chronic illness among adolescents.[comment].
Comments
Comment in: Am J Dis Child. 1991 Dec;145(12):1361-2; PMID: 1669660
Source
American Journal of Diseases of Children. 145(12):1367-73, 1991 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
A sample of 7465 persons aged 10 to 17 years from the 1988 National Health
Interview Survey on Child Health was used to assess the prevalence and
impact of chronic conditions in adolescents. We defined a condition as
chronic if it was first noted more than 3 months before the interview or a
condition that ordinarily would be of lengthy duration, such as arthritis or
heart disease. An estimated 31.5% of US adolescents were reported to have
one or more chronic conditions. The most commonly reported chronic
conditions included respiratory allergies, asthma, and frequent or severe
headaches. Chronic conditions had widely varying impact on adolescent
activity levels. On average, adolescents with chronic conditions experienced
3.4 bed days and 4.4 school absence days related to their chronic conditions
in the year before the interview. Adolescents with chronic conditions were
also reported to experience 35% more behavioral problems than their
counterparts without chronic condition!
s. Adolescents with multiple chronic conditions had substantially more bed
days, school absence days, and behavioral problems than adolescents with a
single chronic condition. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Citation <46>
Unique Identifier
1821287
Medline Identifier
92330570
Authors
Goldberg J. Richards MS. Anderson RJ. Rodin MB.
Institution
University of Illinois, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and
Biostatistics Program, Chicago 60680.
Title
Alcohol consumption in men exposed to the military draft lottery: a
natural experiment.
Source
Journal of Substance Abuse. 3(3):307-13, 1991.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
The randomized natural experiment provided by the military draft lotteries
of 1970, 1971, and 1972 is used to compare alcohol consumption in men born
in the years 1950, 1951, and 1952. Alcohol consumption data are derived from
the National Health Interview Survey supplements for 1977, 1983, and 1985.
The analysis follows an intention-to-draft paradigm, where draft eligibility
is determined solely by randomly assigned lottery numbers. Draft eligibility
status is found to be unassociated with alcohol consumption, despite the
fact that eligibility for the draft significantly increased the likelihood
of military service and that veterans are more likely to report increased
alcohol consumption compared to nonveterans. The randomized draft lottery
provides an elegant natural experiment that potentially obviates the problem
of confounding by premilitary service factors found in previous studies of
alcohol consumption among veterans and nonveterans. However, the indirect
association!
between draft eligibility and any health outcome (where military service is
an intervening variable), together with the failure of the draft to produce
a higher percent of veterans, prohibits application in all but the largest
samples.

Citation <47>
Unique Identifier
1799057
Medline Identifier
92188564
Authors
Adams PF. Benson V.
Title
Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1990.
Source
Vital & Health Statistics - Series 10: Data From the National Health
Survey. (181):1-212, 1991 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <48>
Unique Identifier
1792717
Medline Identifier
92170075
Authors
Ries P.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782.
Title
Educational differences in health status and health care.
Source
Vital & Health Statistics - Series 10: Data From the National Health
Survey. (179):1-66, 1991 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Includes estimates by years of education for limitation of activity,
restricted-activity days, assessed health status, physician contacts,
hospital discharges and days, incidence of acute conditions, and prevalence
of chronic conditions. Level of education is cross-classified by age, sex,
race, poverty status, Hispanic origin, geographic region, place of
residence, major activity, marital status, and employment status. All
estimates are shown as unadjusted and age adjusted and are based on data
collected in household interviews by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the
National Health Interview Survey during 1989.

Citation <49>
Unique Identifier
1766944
Medline Identifier
92115670
Authors
Ford ES. Jones DH.
Institution
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for
Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Title
Cardiovascular health knowledge in the United States: findings from the
National Health Interview Survey, 1985.
Source
Preventive Medicine. 20(6):725-36, 1991 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Knowledge of the risk precursors to cardiovascular disease is thought to
be a key component of health decision making. Many intervention programs
have been aimed at increasing the nation's general knowledge of risk factors
for cardiovascular disease, although the determinants of the level of
cardiovascular disease knowledge are not thoroughly understood. We examined
cardiovascular knowledge in a nationally representative sample of the United
States population with data from the 1985 Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention supplement of the National Health Interview Survey. Interviews
with 12,551 white women, 770 Hispanic women, 2,547 black women, 9,832 white
men, 576 Hispanic men, and 1,440 black men were used in this analysis. We
constructed a seven-item index for cardiovascular disease knowledge. After
adjustment for age and education, white men and women scored higher on the
cardiovascular disease knowledge index than either their Hispanic or black
counterparts. We also e!
xamined the relationships of age, education, income, marital status, access
to medical care, geographic region, and seven self-reported cardiovascular
disease risk factors to the levels of cardiovascular disease knowledge.
Education was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular disease knowledge.
The variables examined accounted for a small portion of the variance in
knowledge. Levels of cardiovascular disease knowledge were lower among
respondents with less education and income, those who were not married,
those with less access to medical care, and those who were smokers or
physically inactive. Therefore, efforts to improve levels of cardiovascular
disease knowledge should be directed toward subgroups.

Citation <50>
Unique Identifier
10115685
Medline Identifier
92108980
Authors
Hardy AM. Biddlecom AE.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics.
Title
AIDS knowledge and attitudes of black Americans: United States, 1990.
Provisional data from the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Advance Data. (206):1-23, 1991 Oct 16.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <51>
Unique Identifier
10115482
Medline Identifier
92095132
Authors
Biddlecom AE. Hardy AM.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics.
Title
AIDS knowledge and attitudes of Hispanic Americans: United States, 1990.
Provisional data from the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Advance Data. (207):1-23, 1991 Oct 17.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <52>
Unique Identifier
1746655
Medline Identifier
92081887
Authors
McCaig LF. Hardy AM. Winn DM.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Title
Knowledge about AIDS and HIV in the US adult population: influence of the
local incidence of AIDS.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 81(12):1591-5, 1991 Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Accurate information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important for prevention.
This study determined whether AIDS knowledge varied among populations
residing in areas with a low, medium, or high incidence of AIDS. METHODS.
Respondents to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge
and Attitudes, which is based on a nationally representative sample of
29,659 adults, were rated on their knowledge about modes of HIV
transmission, general knowledge about AIDS, and misperceptions about HIV
transmission through casual contact. RESULTS. Persons 50 years of age or
older, Blacks, Hispanics, and persons with less than a high school education
had lower knowledge scores and higher misperception scores. Residents of the
high-incidence area had more misperceptions than those who lived in the
medium- or low-incidence areas. Sociodemographic determinants of scores were
important factors overall and within !
each AIDS incidence area. CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that the ability
of educational messages to reach and be absorbed by individuals nationwide
is less dependent on whether they live in an area with a high incidence of
AIDS and more dependent on other demographic variables. New and continued
efforts are needed to improve knowledge in older persons, minorities, and
the less educated in all parts of the country.

Citation <53>
Unique Identifier
1746160
Medline Identifier
92081221
Authors
Hardy AM.
Title
Incidence and impact of selected infectious diseases in childhood.
Source
Vital & Health Statistics - Series 10: Data From the National Health
Survey. (180):1-22, 1991 Oct.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This report provides estimates of the lifetime and annual incidence of
selected infectious diseases for children in various demographic groups. The
social and health care impact of these diseases in terms of limitation in
activity, bed days, school days lost, physician contacts, hospitalizations,
surgery, and use of medication is also presented. The data are from the 1988
National Health Interview Survey on Child Health.

Citation <54>
Unique Identifier
1744748
Medline Identifier
92079107
Authors
Fielding JE. Knight KK. Goetzel RZ. Laouri M.
Institution
Johnson & Johnson Health Management, Inc, Santa Monica, CA 90404.
Title
Utilization of preventive health services by an employed population.
Source
Journal of Occupational Medicine. 33(9):985-90, 1991 Sep.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
To determine the utilization rates of selected preventive services in an
employed population, we analyzed the responses of 18,053 health profile
participants. Overall utilization rates for preventive services were high:
86.0% of respondents had their blood pressure checked, 94.0% of all women
had a Pap smear and 81.3% had clinical breast examinations, 42.4% of
respondents aged 40 and older had a rectal examination and 31.8% of those
aged 50 and older had a test for occult blood in the stool, and 33.7% had a
routine sigmoidoscopy. With the exception of blood pressure screening, the
percentage of our respondents utilizing preventive services was considerably
higher than the corresponding percentages in the US population as reported
in the National Health Interview Survey. Nevertheless, the results suggest
substantial opportunity for employers to encourage the appropriate use of
preventive health services among employees.

Citation <55>
Unique Identifier
10115035
Medline Identifier
92075157
Authors
Kart CS.
Institution
Department of Sociology, University of Toledo, OH 43606.
Title
Variation in long-term care service use by aged blacks. Data from the
Supplement on Aging.
Source
Journal of Aging & Health. 3(4):511-26, 1991 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Data from the Supplement on Aging to the 1984 National Health Interview
Survey were used to identify patterns of long-term care (LTC) service use
among older Blacks. A subset of the SOA, including all 1,217 Blacks aged 55
and over, was the focus of the research. About 37% of all older Blacks in
the sample reported difficulty in carrying out at least one activity of
daily living (ADL) or instrumental activity of daily living (IADL); 27%
reported receiving help with at least one of the ADLs or IADLs. Older Blacks
were not significant users of community-based LTC services, with 11.9%
reporting using a senior center, the highest percentage of use among a list
of 10 community and social services. Five LTC factors were identified: ADL
Help, Community Services, Home Health Services, Home Management Services,
and Personal Services. Multiple regression analyses identify need factors as
most dominant in explaining variation in LTC service use by older Blacks.

Citation <56>
Unique Identifier
1953814
Medline Identifier
92062214
Authors
Yelin EH. Katz PP.
Institution
Rosalind Russell Arthritis Center, University of California, San Francisco
94117.
Title
Labor force participation among persons with musculoskeletal conditions,
1970-1987. National estimates derived from a series of cross-sections.
Source
Arthritis & Rheumatism. 34(11):1361-70, 1991 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
In the present study, we estimated the labor force participation rate
among persons with musculoskeletal conditions in 1987, compared this rate
with that experienced by persons with other chronic conditions or with none,
and estimated the change in labor force participation rates among persons
with musculoskeletal conditions for the period 1970-1987. Rates were
estimated from 18 years of National Health Interview Survey data, and the
sampling weights from this survey were used to obtain population estimates.
To ensure statistically stable estimates, we averaged the rates over 6 years
of data. In 1987, 42.9% of all working-age persons with musculoskeletal
conditions were out of the labor force, this study's definition of work
disability. Overall labor force participation rates among persons with
musculoskeletal conditions declined from 71% to 56% between 1976-1981 and
1982-1987, 22% in relative terms. Much of this decline was concentrated
among men, especially men 55-64 years!
of age. However, women 55-64 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions
also experienced declining labor force participation rates. Labor force
participation patterns among persons with musculoskeletal conditions fit
more general labor market trends, with gains among younger women more than
offset by declines among older men and women. However, these trends appear
to be more accentuated among persons with musculoskeletal conditions,
suggesting that enforcement of the employment provisions of the Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990 place special emphasis on labor force
participation among such persons.

Citation <57>
Unique Identifier
10114780
Medline Identifier
92058141
Authors
Schoenborn CA.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics.
Title
Exposure to alcoholism in the family: United States, 1988.
Source
Advance Data. (205):1-13, 1991 Sep 30.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
About 43 percent of U.S. adults--76 million people--have been exposed to
alcoholism in the family: they grew up with or married an alcoholic or a
problem drinker or had a blood relative who was ever an alcoholic or problem
drinker. Exposure was higher among women (46.2 percent) than among men (38.9
percent) and declined with age. Exposure to alcoholism in the family was
strongly related to marital status, independent of age: 55.5 percent of
separated or divorced adults had been exposed to alcoholism in some family
member, compared with 43.5 percent of married, 38.5 percent of never
married, and 35.5 percent of widowed persons. Nearly 38 percent of separated
or divorced women had been married to an alcoholic, but only about 12
percent of currently married women were married to an alcoholic. These
findings are highlights of an analysis of the 1988 National Health Interview
Survey on Alcohol that is presented in this report.

Citation <58>
Unique Identifier
1945635
Medline Identifier
92051062
Authors
McGauhey PJ. Starfield B. Alexander C. Ensminger ME.
Institution
Division of Health Policy, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and
Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Title
Social environment and vulnerability of low birth weight children: a
social-epidemiological perspective.
Source
Pediatrics. 88(5):943-53, 1991 Nov.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This study examined the impact of low birth weight on children's health
and assessed the influence of the social environment on various aspects of
health in low birth weight and normal birth weight children. Data on 8661
children aged 2 through 11 from the 1981 Child Health Supplement of the
National Health Interview Survey provided strong evidence for two major
conclusions: (1) Low birth weight children in high-risk social environments
are at increased for poor health outcomes compared with comparable normal
birth weight children. This vulnerability was found across all age groups,
suggesting that the effects of low birth weight are long-lasting. The poor
health outcomes for low birth weight children in high-risk social
environments were found for all seven aspects of child health status
studied: excessive bed days, restricted-activity days, and school-loss days;
school failure, low school-ranking, behavior problems, and maternal
perception of child health status as fair/po!
or. (2) The mechanism of risk was complex and differed by birth weight
group. Whereas certain combinations of individual risk factors protected
normal birth weight children from several adverse outcomes, none for low
birth weight children were identified. However, low birth weight children in
low- or moderate-risk social environments were not at greater risk for poor
outcomes compared with comparable normal birth weight children. This study
underscores the importance of a healthy social environment for children who
are already at high risk for poor health outcomes by virtue of being low
birth weight.

Citation <59>
Unique Identifier
1944128
Medline Identifier
92049028
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Characteristics of parents who discuss AIDS with their children--United
States, 1989.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 40(46):789-91, 1991 Nov 22.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
In one multisite, primary health-care program in 10 large cities in the
United States, 3% of participating adolescents engaged in behaviors that
increased their risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (i.e.,
prostitution, injecting-drug use, male homosexual behavior, or behaviors
leading to ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases [STDs]); 16% of these
adolescents had had more than six sex partners or a nonulcerative STD in the
previous year. In the United States, schools are an important setting for
education about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); however,
the potential role of parents in educating their children about this problem
has not been well characterized. To determine characteristics of parents who
reported discussing (or not discussing) AIDS with their 10-17-year-old
children, CDC analyzed data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey,
a national multistage probability survey of U.S. households conducted by
CDC's National Cent!
er for Health Statistics.

Citation <60>
Unique Identifier
1944122
Medline Identifier
92049022
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 1988.[erratum appears in
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992 May 22;41(20):367].
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 40(44):757-9, 765, 1991 Nov
8.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
In 1964, the first Surgeon General's report on smoking focused on the
health hazards associated with cigarette smoking. From 1965 through 1987,
the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults in the United
States declined by approximately 0.5 percentage points per year. To
determine the prevalence of smoking among adults in the United States in
1988, the Occupational Health Supplement (OHS) of CDC's National Health
Interview Survey collected information on cigarette smoking from a
representative sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population
aged greater than or equal to 18 years.

Citation <61>
Unique Identifier
1716803
Medline Identifier
91377085
Authors
Dawson DA.
Institution
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics,
Hyattsville, Maryland.
Title
Family structure and children's health: United States, 1988.
Source
Vital & Health Statistics - Series 10: Data From the National Health
Survey. (178):1-47, 1991 Jun.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This report describes the family arrangements of children 17 years of age
and under and the association between family structure and various
demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the children and their
families. The focus of the report is on the relationship between family
structure and children's health and well-being. Physical health, educational
attainment, and emotional health are compared for children in the four most
common types of family. Data are from the 1988 National Health Interview
Survey on Child Health.

Citation <62>
Unique Identifier
10112176
Medline Identifier
91336104
Authors
Hardy AM.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics.
Title
AIDS knowledge and attitudes for October-December 1990. Provisional data
from the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Advance Data. (204):1-12, 1991 Jul 1.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <63>
Unique Identifier
2053665
Medline Identifier
91273209
Authors
Harlan LC. Bernstein AB. Kessler LG.
Institution
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Title
Cervical cancer screening: who is not screened and why?.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 81(7):885-90, 1991 Jul.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The decline in death rates from cervical cancer in the United
States has been widely attributed to the use of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears
for early detection of cervical cancer. METHODS: Pap smear screening rates,
beliefs about appropriate screening intervals and factors affecting
screening were examined using 1987 National Health Interview Survey data.
RESULTS: Results indicate that through age 69, Blacks are screened at
similar or higher rates than Whites. Hispanics, particularly those speaking
only or mostly Spanish, are least likely to have received a Pap smear within
the last three years. Of women who had never heard of or never had a Pap
smear, nearly 80 percent reported contact with a medical practitioner in the
past two years, while more than 90 percent reported a contact in the past
five years. Overall, the most frequently reported reason for not having a
recent Pap smear was procrastinating or not believing it was necessary.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, in developi!
ng screening programs, Hispanics, particularly Spanish speakers, must be
targeted. In addition, educational programs should target unscreened women
who forego the test due to underestimating its importance, procrastination,
or because their medical care provider did not suggest the procedure. Women
must be intensively educated that Pap smears should be scheduled routinely
to detect asymptomatic cervical cancer.

Citation <64>
Unique Identifier
10111314
Medline Identifier
91272895
Authors
Adams PF. Hardy AM.
Institution
National Center for Health Statistics.
Title
AIDS knowledge and attitudes for July-September 1990. Provisional data
from the National Health Interview Survey.
Source
Advance Data. (198):1-12, 1991 Apr 1.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog

Citation <65>
Unique Identifier
2003635
Medline Identifier
91166031
Authors
Jepson C. Kessler LG. Portnoy B. Gibbs T.
Institution
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Title
Black-white differences in cancer prevention knowledge and behavior.
Source
American Journal of Public Health. 81(4):501-4, 1991 Apr.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control
Supplement were used to estimate multivariate logistic regression models of
diet change, mammography utilization, stool blood test utilization, and
smoking. Predictor variables included race, sex, age, income, dietary
concerns, and four knowledge-related variables: education and three measures
of cancer prevention knowledge. When knowledge variables were included in
the models, race was not a significant predictor of behavior, with one
exception: among women, Blacks were found to smoke less than Whites.

Citation <66>
Unique Identifier
1997585
Medline Identifier
91147705
Authors
Verbrugge LM. Lepkowski JM. Konkol LL.
Institution
Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan.
Title
Levels of disability among U.S. adults with arthritis.
Source
Journal of Gerontology. 46(2):S71-83, 1991 Mar.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This article studies the excess levels of disability experienced by
persons with arthritis, compared to persons without the disease. The data
set is the Supplement on Aging (1984 National Health Interview Survey); it
has information for a national probability sample of community-dwelling
persons ages 55 + (N = 16,148). (1) Arthritis people have more difficulty in
physical functions, personal care, and household care than do nonarthritis
persons. The excess disability is greatest for physical functions (walking,
reaching, stooping, etc.). Disabled arthritis people have especially high
degrees of difficulty in physical activities that require endurance and
strength. (2) Various models are tested for walking, grasping, shopping, and
light housework to show how comorbidity propels disability for arthritis
people and to show arthritis' own contribution to disability in the presence
of other chronic conditions. Difficulties escalate for arthritis people when
they have other concur!
rent conditions. These models affirm that arthritis has a pronounced effect
on physical dysfunctions, but these are not readily translated into personal
and household care problems. Apparently, arthritis people often make
successful accommodations so their roles and daily activities are not
seriously affected by the disease.

Citation <67>
Unique Identifier
1825325
Medline Identifier
91140204
Authors
Verbrugge LM. Gates DM. Ike RW.
Institution
Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2007.
Title
Risk factors for disability among U.S. adults with arthritis.
Source
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 44(2):167-82, 1991.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
This article studies risk factors for physical and social disability among
U.S. adults ages 55+ who have arthritis, compared to non-arthritis persons
of those ages. The dependent variables refer to difficulties in walking,
physical functioning (motions and strength), personal care, and household
care. The data set is the Supplement on Aging (SOA) (n = 16,148) that
accompanied the 1984 National Health Interview Survey. The SOA data are
cross-sectional; relationships of risk factors to disability suggest
causation but do not directly demonstrate it. Logistic regressions show that
risk factors are similar for arthritis and non-arthritis people, with one
important exception. (1) The similarities are: For both groups, odds of
disability rise with age, diminish with education, and are higher for
non-whites and non-married persons. Disability rises with number of chronic
diseases and impairments, and it is elevated for underweight persons (Body
Mass Index (BMI) less than 20; furthe!
r analysis indicates this reflects incomplete control of their severe
illness status). Long duration of arthritis and recent medical care for it
are associated with disability. (2) The exception is: Severe overweight (BMI
greater than or equal to 30) is a disability risk factor for arthritis
people, but not for non-arthritis people. Previous research has shown that
obesity/overweight is a risk factor for etiology of osteoarthritis; our
analysis now shows its continued importance for disability when the disease
is present.

Citation <68>
Unique Identifier
1898980
Medline Identifier
91101539
Authors
Anonymous.
Title
Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost--United
States, 1988.
Source
MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 40(4):62-3, 69-71, 1991 Feb
1.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of diseases associated with premature mortality
in the United States; in 1985, these diseases accounted for an estimated
390,000 premature deaths. In this report, mortality data and estimates of
smoking prevalence for 1988 are used to calculate smoking-attributable
mortality (SAM), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and age-adjusted SAM
and YPLL rates for the United States. Calculations were performed using
Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Cost (SAMMEC II)
software, which includes relative risk estimates for 22 adult (i.e., greater
than or equal to 35 years of age) smoking-related diseases and relative risk
estimates for four perinatal (i.e., less than 1 year of age) conditions.
Age-, sex-, and race-specific mortality data for 1988 were obtained from
CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. Data on burn deaths caused by
cigarettes were obtained from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The
estimated number of deaths!
among nonsmokers from lung cancer attributable to passive smoking was
obtained from a report of the National Academy of Sciences. Age-, sex-, and
race-specific current and former smoking prevalence rates in 1988 for adults
aged greater than or equal to 35 years and for women aged 18-44 years were
estimated by linear extrapolation using National Health Interview Survey
data for 1974-1987.

Citation <69>
Unique Identifier
2124363
Medline Identifier
91081519
Authors
Hardy AM.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center For Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Title
National Health Interview Survey data on adult knowledge of AIDS in the
United States.
Source
Public Health Reports. 105(6):629-34, 1990 Nov-Dec.
Local Messages
Title Available at Calder Library, Check Catalog
Abstract
Information collected with the 1989 National Health Interview Survey of
AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes from a nationally representative sample of
40,609 adults was examined to determine how knowledge about AIDS varied
within demographic subgroups of the population. Most adults (83 percent) had
seen or heard public service announcements about AIDS in the month prior to
interview, and 51 percent had read an AIDS brochure in the past. Sixty-seven
percent of adults responded correctly to at least 10 of 14 general AIDS
knowledge questions. Knowledge levels were higher among those who were more
educated and those who had seen or heard public service announcements or had
read brochures. White adults responded correctly to these questions more
often than their black counterparts; non-Hispanics responded correctly more
often than Hispanics (for statistical purposes, the population is divided
twice, in the first instance racially and in the second, ethnically--white
and black, Hispanic !
and non-Hispanic). Even with relatively high information levels,
misperceptions about casual transmission persisted, with one-third of adults
answering more than half of the questions about casual transmission
incorrectly. The same population groups that had less general AIDS knowledge
had more misperceptions about transmission. More than 80 percent of adults
recognized that use of condoms and a monogamous relationship between two
uninfected persons were effective means of preventing the spread of the AIDS
virus. Seventy-four percent of adults had heard of the HIV antibody
test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Citation <70>
Unique Identifier
2226747
Medline Identifier
91031938
Authors
Dawson DA.
Institution
Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, Md.
Title
Trends in use of oral contraceptives--data from the 1987 National Health
Interview Survey.
Source
Family Planning Perspectives. 22(4):169-72, 1990 Jul-Aug.
Local Messages
Title Available at Richter Library
Abstract
Despite fluctuations in current use rates for oral contraceptives,
ever-use of the pill has remained remarkably stable for all cohorts of U.S.
women born since 1945. Approximately 80 percent of these women report having
used the pill at some time. Average duration of use is about five years
among cohorts who had access to the pill from their earliest reproductive
years. Among women born before 1940, whites are more likely than blacks to
have ever used the pill, but no racial difference is evident among women in
later cohorts. Age at first use of the pill has declined with each
succeeding five-year birth cohort. Black women are more likely than white
women to have used oral contraceptives before age 18, but by age 25, about
three-fourths of blacks and whites have used the pill. Among ever-users born
before 1945, the majority