Guide for Authors

General
It is essential to provide a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Copies of any closely related manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor along with the manuscript that is to be considered by Marine Chemistry. The submission of more than one manuscript dealing with related aspects of the same study is discouraged.

Submission of papers
Marine Chemistry uses an online, electronic submission system. By accessing the website http://ees.elsevier.com/marche you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. When submitting a manuscript to Elsevier Editorial System, authors need to provide an electronic version of their manuscript. For this purpose original source files, not PDF files, are preferred. The author should specify a category designation for the manuscript (full length article, review article, short communication, etc.) and choose a set of classifications from the prescribed list provided online. Authors may send queries concerning the submission process to the Author Support Department. Once the submission files are uploaded, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) manuscript, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including the Editor's decision and request for revisions, will be by e-mail.

Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article by the journal, Author(s) will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://authors.elsevier.com. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 84830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, email permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions.

Preparation of Texts
We accept most word processing formats for accepted articles, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (also see the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://authors.elsevier.com). Do not import the figures into the text file, but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. Also see the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations.

LaTeX documents
If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class "elsart", or alternatively the standard document class "article", The Elsevier LaTeX package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Author Gate-way's Quickguide: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex. It consists of the files: elsart.cls, guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start and the instruction booklet "Preparing articles with LaTeX.

Presentation of Manuscript
General
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to seek the advice of a colleague who has English as their mother tongue.
English Language help service: upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for further information.

Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given)
Title
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author. Corresponding author
Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 500 words.) The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the methods used, the principal results and the main results. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide up to six keywords, plus regional index terms. At least four of the subject keywords should be selected from the Aquatic Science & Fisheries Thesaurus. An electronic version of the Thesaurus can be found at http://www4.fao.org/asfa/asfa.htm. You may find a paper version in your library. The Regional Terms should be provided as a hierarchical string (eg: USA, California, Monterey Bay). Authors are also encouraged to submit geographic bounding coordinates at the end of the keyword string. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Body of the article
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Also use this numbering for internal cross-referencing; do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
In the Introduction, state the objectives of the work, and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Results should be clear and concise. The Discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
A short Conclusions section is to be presented. Place Acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the references in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
Figure captions, tables, figures and schemes should be presented in this order at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below.

Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Indicate each table footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

Formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g.,
X/Y rather than
X
Y
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Units
As a chemical journal, we require the concentration of all elements and compounds of known molecular weight to be expressed in moles (e.g., mol/g for sediments). Concentrations in solutions can be expressed in molarity (M = moles/L) or molality (m = moles/kg H2O). The concentration can also be expressed as moles/kg SW as is common in chemical oceanography. The salinity can be expressed in ppt (o/oo) if not determined on the Practical Salinity Scale. This scale is not a unit and does not require o/oo, ppt (i.e., S = 35.000).

References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the Author(s).
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal, and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single Author's name (without initials) and year of publication.
2. Two Authors' names and the year of publication.
3. Three or more Authors; first Author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
In the list of references names of authors and all co-authors must be given in full.
References in the text should be arranged chronologically.
References in the Reference List should be arranged first alphabetically, and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same Author(s) in the same year, must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
References to a journal publication:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Journal name (given in full or abbreviated using the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations), volume number (issue number): first and last page numbers of the paper.
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Guan, D.M. and Martin, J.M., 1991. Trace metal behaviour in a highly stratified Mediterranean estuary: the Krka (Yugoslavia). Mar. Chem., 32:211-224.

References to a book:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of the book. Publisher, location of publisher.
Zhdanov, M.S. and Keller, G.V., 1994. The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Names and initials of the volume editors, title of the edited volume. Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.
Thomas, E., 1992. Middle Eocene-late Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea): faunal changes and implications for ocean circulation. In: Prothero, D.R., Berggren, W.A. (Eds.), Eocene Oligo-cene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 245-271.

Conference proceedings papers:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Name of the conference. Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.
Smith, M.W., 1988. The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment. Final Proc. Int. Conf. Permafrost. Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 18-23.

Unpublished theses, reports, etc.:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of item. All other relevant information needed to identify the item (e.g., technical report, Ph.D. thesis, institute, current status i.e. in press/unpublished etc.).
Moustakas, N., 1990. Relationships of Morphological and Physiochemical Properties of Vertisols under Greek Climate Conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural Univ. Athens, Greece, unpublished.

In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. Titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a note such as '(in Russian)' or '(in Japanese, with English Abstr.)' should be added at the end of the reference.

The following provide examples of appropriate citation formats for non-text and electronic-only information. However, it is requested that a Web site address, or list server message is given as a reference only where the information is unavailable in a more permanent form. If such sources are given, then please give as complete information as possible.
Jones, P., 1996. Research activities at Smith Technology Institute. WWW Page, http://www.sti.com/about_us/research.
Smith, F., Peabody, A.N., 1997. Hydrographic data for the Sargasso Sea, July-September 1993, SarSea mission. (Deep-Sea Data Centre, Hull, UK), online, dataset, 740 MB, http://www.dcdc.gov.
Green, A., 1991. Deformations in Acanthaster planci from the Coral Sea, observed during UEA Special Project 7, July 1978. Journal of Pollution Research 14 (7) suppl., CD-ROM, photographic images, 240 MB.
James, Z., 1997. Ecological effects of sea wall construction during 1994 at Bridlington, UK. List server Message, Eco-list, 20 October 1995.

Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly ?Articles in press? because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.

Preparation of Illustrations
Submitting your final artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points
Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used.
Provide captions to illustrations separately.
Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document when submitting the final accepted article;
Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Colour illustrations If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork. Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white files corresponding to all the colour illustrations.

Page Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as 'drafts'.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the Copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections are not communicated.
Return corrections within 3 days of receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted.

Reprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional reprints can be ordered on a reprint order form which will be sent to the corresponding author of the accepted article by the publisher.

Contact
For queries relating to the general submission of manuscripts (including electronic text and artwork) and the status of accepted manuscripts, please contact Elsevier's Author Support Department, Elsevier B.V., PO Box 2759, 1000 CT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.nl or visit the Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com. Fax: +31 (0) 20 485 3752, Tel: +31 (0) 20 485-2535.
Authors can also keep track of the progress of their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status, by using the "Track a Paper" feature of Elsevier's Author Gateway.