Syllabus MBF 590/AMP 590: “Sustainable Fisheries

Syllabus MBF 590/AMP 590: “Sustainable Fisheries - Assessment and Conservation”

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION - A MODERN APPROACH TO FISHERIES SCIENCE

Key questions in Fisheries Science
Fisheries as a scientific discipline (scientific method, empiricism, theory, framing questions into hypothesis with measurable parameters, random and systematic errors, accuracy, precise and consistent measurements; guidelines and rules)
Technique and Technology (how does one apply the acoustic technologies)
The role of acoustics in fisheries (why acoustics in the water)
History of development and applications of Underwater Acoustics
Acoustics as of a physical science

PART 2 - THE PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF UNDERWATER SOUND

The nature of sound (common phenomena, comparison air-water, physical model)
The physical description of sound waves
Natural and artificial sources of sound
The ocean as an acoustic environment
Scattering of sound
The sonar equations
Beyond the sonar equation
Designing the perfect sonar (tradeoffs, volume, resolution, aperture, cost)
Arrays (resolution, aperture, side-lobes)
Simple transmitters and receivers
Sonar calibration
Common sonar designs and their application

PART 3 - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ACOUSTICS OF INDIVIDUAL AND AGGREGATIONS OF FISH, OTHER NEKTON AND PLANKTON, AND THEIR HABITATS.

Scattering of sound by individual fish
Biomass estimates from echo-counting
Scattering of sound by multiple fish and schools
Biomass estimates from echo-integration and school countingP
Measuring target strength
Importance and measurement of biological noise
Effects of noise on fish and sea mammals

PART 4 - FIXED AND ADAPTIVE, MULTISTAGE SURVEY AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

General principles of study design
Sea truthing
Riverne acoustics
Lake acoustics
Stream acoustics
Marine surveys of pelagic fish
Marine surveys of near boundary fish
Biological habitat classification (plants)
Geophysical habitat classifications
Plankton acoustics
Deep sea acoustic sampling
Acoustic tags

The role of acoustics Ecosystem modeling

Grading: Two exams, one paper, homework and class participation are given equal weight.

References: (Fisheries Techniques 2^nd Edition will be the text book for this course)

Benson, Norman G. (Editor). 1970. A Century of Fisheries in North America. American Fisheries Society. Wash. D.C. 333 pages.

Brandt, Stephen B. 1996. Acoustic Assessment of Fish Abundance and Distribution. Chapter 13 in Murphy, Brian and David W. Willis (Editors). Fisheries Techniques. Second Edition. Am. Fish. Soc. 385-421.

Cushing,, David. 1973. The detection of Fish. Pergamon Press. 200 pages.

Ehrenberg, J.E. 1981. Indirect measurement of the mean acoustical backscattering cross section of fish. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69(4):955-962.

Gunderson 1993. Surveys of Fisheries Resources. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 347 pages.

Hewitt, R.P., P.E. Smith and J.C. Brown. 1976. Development and use of sonar mapping for pelagic stock assessment in the California current area. Fish. Bul. 74:281-300.

Kirsch, Jay, G.L. Thomas and Ted Cooney. 2000. Acoustic estimation of spring plankton densities in Prince William Sound. Fisheries Research. 47(2-3)245-260.

Mitson, R.B. 1983. Fisheries Sonar. Rishing News Books Ltd, Farnham, Surrey. 287 pages.

Ross, Q.E., D.J. Denning, R.E. Thorne, J.K. Menezes, G.W. Tiller and J.K. Watson 1993. Response of alewives to high-frequency sound at a power plant on Lake Ontario. N. Am. J. Fish. Man. 13:766-774.

Robinson, D.G. and W.E. Barraclough. 1978. Population estimates of sockeye salmon in a fertilized oligotrophic lake. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:851-860.

Stables, T. Brock and G.L. Thomas. 1992. Acoustic measurement of trout distributions in Spada Lake, Washington, using stationary transducers. J. Fish Bio. 12:191-203.

Tarbox, K.E. and R.E. Thorne, 1996. Assessment of adult salmon in near-surface waters

of Cook Inlet, Alaska. ICES Journal of Marine Science 53:397-401.

Thomas, G.L. 1991. Successes and Failures of Fisheries Acoustics ‑An International, National, and Regional Perspectives. Fisheries Research. 14:95‑105.

Thomas, G. L. and R. E. Thorne. 2003. Acoustical-optical assessment of Pacific herring and their predator assemblage in PWS, Alaska. Aqua. Living Res. 16:247-253.

Thomas, G.L., J. Kirsch and R.E. Thorne. 2002. Ex-situ target strength measurements of Pacific herring and Pacific sand lance. N. Am. J. Fish. Man. 43:110-125.

Thomas, G.L. and Jay Kirsch. 2000. Advances in plankton and nekton acoustics: A review. Fisheries Research 47(2-3): 107-114.

Thomas, G.L. 1992. Successes and Failures of Fisheries Acoustics ‑ An International, National, and Regional Perspectives. Fisheries Research. 14:95‑105.

Thomas, G.L., S. Thiesfeld, S. Bonar, G.B. Pauley and R.N. Crittenden. 1990. Estimation of submergent plant biovolume using acoustic range information. Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. 47(4): 805-812.

Thomas, G.L. and F.L. Felleman. 1988. Acoustic measurement of the fish assemblage beneath killer whale pods in the Greater Puget Sound. Rit Fiskideildar, 11:276284.

Thomas, G.L. and Darrell R. Jackson. 1987. Acoustic measurement of fish schools using array phase information. Can. J. Fish Aqua. Sci. 44(9): 1544-1550.

Thorne, R.E. and G.L. Thomas. 1990. Acoustic measurement of gas bubble release by Pacific herring. Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. 47(10): 1920‑1928.

Thorne, R. L. and G. L. Thomas. 1984. Recent applications of hydroacoustics to assessment of limnetic fish abundance and behavior. J. N. Am. Lake Man. 3:305313.

Thorne, R.E. 1998. Review: experiences with shallow water acoustics. Fish. Res. 35:137-141.

Thorne, R.E., 1994. Hydroacoustic remote sensing for artificial habitats. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55: 899-903.

Thorne, R.E. and G.E. Johnson, 1993. A review of hydroacoustic studies for estimation of salmonid downriver migration past hydroelectric facilities on the Columbia and Snake Rivers in the 1980s. Rev. Fish. Sci. 1:27-56.

Thorne, R.E. 1992. Current status of training and education in fisheries acoustics, Fish. Res. 14:135-141

Thorne, R.E, J. Hedgepeth and J. Campos. 1990. The use of stationary transducers to study diel and tidal influences on fish behavior. Rapp. P.-v. reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 189:167-175.

Thorne, R.E. 1990. Rapporteur's Review of Session 5: Applications of fisheries acoustics techniques in lakes and rivers. International Symposium on fisheries Acoustics. Rapp. P.-v. reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 189:192-196.

Thorne, R.E., J. Hedgepeth and J. Campos 1989. Hydroacoustic observations of fish abundance and behavior around an artificial reef in Costa Rica, Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(2):1058-1064.

Thorne, R.E. 1988. An empirical evaluation of the duration-in-beam technique for hydroacoustic estimation. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:1244-1248.

Thorne, R.E. 1983. Hydroacoustics. Chapter 12 in L. Nielson and D. Johnson (eds)., Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD

Thorne, R.E. 1983. Assessment of population abundance by echo integration. Biol. Ocean. J2:253-262.

Thorne, R.E., J.E. Reeves and A.E. Millikan 1971. Estimation of the Pacific hake populatiousing an echo integrator. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 28:1275-1284.

Thorne, R.E. and M. Blackburn 1974. Composition and distribution of nekton in a coastal upwelling area off Baja California, Mexico. Tethys 6:281-290.

Thorne, R.E. 1979. Hydroacoustic estimate of adult sockeye salmon in Lake Washington, 1972-1975. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 36:1145-1149.

Thorne, R.E. 1983. Hydroacoustics. Chapt. 12 in L. Nielson and D. Johnson (eds)., Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD

Tyler, A.V. and V.F. Gallucci. 1980. Dynamics of Fished Stocks. In Lackey Robert T. and Larry A. Nielsen (Eds.). Chapter 5, Fisheries Management. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 422 pages.

Traynor, J.J. and J.E. Ehrenberg. 1979. Evaluation of the dual beam acoustic fish target strength measurement system. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36:1064-1071

Trumble, R., R. Thorne and N. Lemberg 1983. The Strait of Georgia herring fishery: A case history of timely management aided by hydroacoustic surveys. Fish. Bull. 80(2):381-388.